The new Ecosystem Services issue category recognizes the important services ecosystems provide to human and environmental well-being, including carbon sequestration and storage, biodiversity habitat, nutrient cycling, and coastal protection. It consists of three indicators to evaluate the state of these ecosystems: tree cover loss, along with two new pilot indicators for 2020 – grassland loss and wetland loss.
Ecosystem Services
| Country | Rank | EPI Score | 10-Year Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Samoa | - | - | - |
| Marshall Islands | - | - | - |
| Tonga | - | - | - |
| Kiribati | - | - | - |
| Bahrain | 1 | 100 | 98 |
| Micronesia | 1 | 100 | - |
| Iceland | 1 | 100 | - |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 1 | 100 | - |
| United Arab Emirates | 1 | 100 | 43.6 |
| Malta | 1 | 100 | 61.5 |
| Niger | 7 | 97.7 | 0.8 |
| Tajikistan | 8 | 97.6 | 33.3 |
| Mauritania | 9 | 97.2 | 1.1 |
| Eritrea | 10 | 97.1 | -0.5 |
| Saudi Arabia | 11 | 96.9 | 5.4 |
| Turkmenistan | 12 | 96.2 | 60.1 |
| Burkina Faso | 13 | 95.5 | 89 |
| Cabo Verde | 14 | 93.7 | 8.3 |
| Afghanistan | 15 | 93.6 | 40.5 |
| Iraq | 16 | 91.8 | 35.6 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 17 | 91.1 | 21.9 |
| Iran | 18 | 88.8 | 16.2 |
| Seychelles | 19 | 84.3 | -15.7 |
| Armenia | 20 | 81.5 | 20.3 |
| Pakistan | 21 | 80.9 | 32.4 |
| Azerbaijan | 22 | 80.5 | 21 |
| Jordan | 23 | 78.9 | 12.9 |
| Maldives | 24 | 78.2 | 24.3 |
| Georgia | 25 | 78 | 13.6 |
| Djibouti | 26 | 73.9 | 13.7 |
| Uzbekistan | 27 | 70.4 | 7.5 |
| Kazakhstan | 28 | 68.4 | 19.2 |
| Nepal | 29 | 67.8 | 9.4 |
| Oman | 30 | 67 | 40.1 |
| Botswana | 31 | 66.1 | 24.5 |
| Egypt | 32 | 62.5 | 0.5 |
| Bhutan | 33 | 60.2 | -6.3 |
| Sudan | 34 | 59.9 | 11.5 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 35 | 56.5 | -0.6 |
| Namibia | 36 | 55.1 | 35.3 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 37 | 53.4 | - |
| Guyana | 38 | 52.3 | -9.5 |
| Suriname | 39 | 51.3 | -7.8 |
| Saint Lucia | 40 | 50.7 | 0.8 |
| Central African Republic | 40 | 50.7 | -2 |
| Vanuatu | 42 | 49.7 | -21.4 |
| Mauritius | 43 | 49.5 | 16.2 |
| Taiwan | 44 | 49.2 | -0.5 |
| Kuwait | 45 | 48.4 | 23.8 |
| Lesotho | 46 | 47.3 | -12.5 |
| Switzerland | 47 | 46.4 | 2.7 |
| Moldova | 48 | 45.8 | -11.4 |
| Serbia | 48 | 45.8 | -4.7 |
| Gabon | 50 | 44.7 | -8.9 |
| Montenegro | 51 | 44.3 | -2.1 |
| Greece | 52 | 43.9 | 11.6 |
| Timor-Leste | 53 | 43.8 | 2.6 |
| Grenada | 54 | 43.6 | 9.8 |
| Albania | 55 | 43.2 | 11.9 |
| Netherlands | 56 | 42.8 | 4.9 |
| North Macedonia | 57 | 42.3 | 7.9 |
| Ethiopia | 58 | 42.2 | -1.9 |
| Mongolia | 59 | 41.7 | 15.6 |
| Japan | 59 | 41.7 | -1.2 |
| Bulgaria | 61 | 41.4 | -0.5 |
| Gambia | 62 | 41.1 | 28.8 |
| Romania | 63 | 40.9 | 3.1 |
| Morocco | 64 | 40.8 | 5.6 |
| Venezuela | 65 | 40.6 | -1.9 |
| Israel | 65 | 40.6 | 2.7 |
| Croatia | 67 | 40.3 | -4.1 |
| Germany | 68 | 39.7 | 8.2 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 69 | 38.8 | 1.7 |
| Cyprus | 70 | 38.6 | -2.5 |
| Ecuador | 71 | 38.3 | -0.5 |
| Fiji | 72 | 38.1 | -7.5 |
| Italy | 73 | 37.9 | -7.6 |
| Sri Lanka | 74 | 37.8 | -6.2 |
| Barbados | 75 | 37.1 | 1.7 |
| Slovenia | 75 | 37.1 | -8.7 |
| Turkey | 75 | 37.1 | -2.6 |
| Peru | 78 | 37 | -6.4 |
| Lebanon | 79 | 36.6 | 5.6 |
| Colombia | 80 | 36.4 | -2 |
| France | 81 | 36.1 | 2.2 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 82 | 35.9 | 2.7 |
| Republic of Congo | 83 | 35.8 | -14.1 |
| Comoros | 84 | 35.7 | -27.7 |
| Austria | 85 | 35.6 | 4.7 |
| Costa Rica | 86 | 35.4 | 4.1 |
| Jamaica | 87 | 35.2 | 5.2 |
| Burundi | 88 | 34.7 | -4.8 |
| Brunei Darussalam | 89 | 34.4 | -3.5 |
| Luxembourg | 90 | 34.3 | 3 |
| China | 90 | 34.3 | -0.2 |
| Papua New Guinea | 92 | 34.2 | -12.7 |
| India | 93 | 33.8 | -8.1 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 94 | 33.7 | -18.2 |
| Angola | 94 | 33.7 | -9.3 |
| El Salvador | 96 | 33.5 | 3.6 |
| Panama | 97 | 33.1 | 2.5 |
| Belgium | 98 | 32.5 | 6.2 |
| Mexico | 98 | 32.5 | - |
| South Korea | 100 | 32.2 | -7.7 |
| Norway | 101 | 32.1 | -5.4 |
| Slovakia | 101 | 32.1 | 3.1 |
| Philippines | 103 | 31.9 | -7.4 |
| Bahamas | 104 | 31.6 | -1.8 |
| Cameroon | 105 | 31.5 | -16.9 |
| Zambia | 106 | 31.1 | -9.7 |
| Kenya | 106 | 31.1 | 1 |
| Denmark | 108 | 30.2 | 4.4 |
| Ukraine | 108 | 30.2 | -1.3 |
| Canada | 110 | 30.1 | 4.4 |
| Bolivia | 111 | 30 | -2.7 |
| Argentina | 112 | 29.4 | 8.6 |
| Russia | 113 | 28.6 | -5 |
| Rwanda | 114 | 28.4 | -9.1 |
| Tanzania | 115 | 28.3 | -4.6 |
| United Kingdom | 115 | 28.3 | -0.6 |
| Hungary | 117 | 28.2 | -2.1 |
| New Zealand | 117 | 28.2 | -3.8 |
| Togo | 119 | 28.1 | -6.5 |
| Australia | 120 | 27.9 | -2.6 |
| Brazil | 120 | 27.9 | -1 |
| Belarus | 120 | 27.9 | -4.5 |
| Dem. Rep. Congo | 123 | 27.7 | -11.8 |
| Chile | 124 | 27.5 | 0.7 |
| Ireland | 125 | 27.4 | 3.4 |
| Poland | 126 | 27.1 | -4 |
| United States of America | 127 | 26.8 | 4.9 |
| Czech Republic | 128 | 26.7 | -3 |
| Dominican Republic | 129 | 26.6 | 2.1 |
| Haiti | 130 | 26.2 | -13.2 |
| Myanmar | 131 | 25.9 | -10.4 |
| Senegal | 132 | 25.8 | -8.9 |
| Solomon Islands | 133 | 25.5 | -14 |
| Cuba | 134 | 25.2 | -8.3 |
| Lithuania | 135 | 24.6 | -3.5 |
| Mozambique | 136 | 24.5 | -5.5 |
| Benin | 137 | 24.4 | 4.9 |
| Spain | 137 | 24.4 | -5.4 |
| Uganda | 137 | 24.4 | -8.5 |
| Thailand | 140 | 24.3 | -8.9 |
| Eswatini | 141 | 24 | 3.1 |
| Algeria | 141 | 24 | -8 |
| Belize | 143 | 23.5 | -7.2 |
| Mali | 144 | 23.4 | -9.3 |
| Nigeria | 144 | 23.4 | -17 |
| Zimbabwe | 146 | 23.1 | -2.3 |
| Malawi | 147 | 22.8 | -5.6 |
| Bangladesh | 147 | 22.8 | -14.2 |
| Tunisia | 149 | 22.5 | -15.8 |
| Sweden | 150 | 22.4 | -1.3 |
| Estonia | 150 | 22.4 | -5.1 |
| Chad | 152 | 22.2 | -11.6 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 153 | 22.1 | -10.4 |
| Latvia | 154 | 21.4 | -2.6 |
| Honduras | 155 | 21.2 | -7.9 |
| Uruguay | 156 | 21 | -0.8 |
| Finland | 157 | 20.8 | -2.3 |
| South Africa | 158 | 20.6 | 2 |
| Indonesia | 159 | 20.3 | -3 |
| Paraguay | 160 | 20.2 | -0.2 |
| Nicaragua | 161 | 20.1 | -5.4 |
| Guatemala | 162 | 19.5 | -0.6 |
| Cambodia | 163 | 19 | -4.6 |
| Singapore | 164 | 18.4 | -16.5 |
| Laos | 165 | 16.6 | -15.5 |
| Viet Nam | 166 | 16.4 | -12.9 |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 167 | 15.7 | -9.9 |
| Ghana | 168 | 15.4 | -13.4 |
| Madagascar | 169 | 14.6 | -12.6 |
| Liberia | 169 | 14.6 | -19 |
| Malaysia | 171 | 12.8 | -3.7 |
| Guinea | 172 | 11.5 | -22.9 |
| Sierra Leone | 173 | 9.6 | -24.4 |
| Portugal | 174 | 7.4 | -8.1 |
| Dominica | 175 | 5.3 | -48.7 |
| Qatar | 176 | - | -100 |