We measure PM2.5 exposure using the number of age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years lost per 100,000 persons (DALY rate) due to exposure to fine air particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5). A score of 100 indicates a country has among the lowest DALY rates in the world (≤1st-percentile), while a score of 0 indicates a country is among the highest (≥99th-percentile). Data for this indicator come from the Institute for Health Metrics & Evaluation’s (IHME) Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.
PM2.5 exposure
| Country | Rank | EPI Score | 10-Year Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| New Zealand | 1 | 100 | 0.6 |
| Finland | 1 | 100 | 8.7 |
| Norway | 1 | 100 | 11.1 |
| Sweden | 1 | 100 | 6.4 |
| Australia | 1 | 100 | 1.7 |
| Iceland | 1 | 100 | - |
| Estonia | 7 | 95.7 | 25.1 |
| Canada | 8 | 94.8 | 7.6 |
| Ireland | 9 | 91 | 14.3 |
| Switzerland | 10 | 87.8 | 14.3 |
| Portugal | 11 | 86.4 | 12.5 |
| Spain | 12 | 83.3 | 9.8 |
| France | 13 | 82.2 | 12.7 |
| Luxembourg | 14 | 81.4 | 14.3 |
| Denmark | 15 | 78.8 | 15.7 |
| United States of America | 15 | 78.8 | 10.5 |
| Japan | 17 | 78 | -1.6 |
| United Kingdom | 18 | 75.4 | 9.7 |
| Austria | 19 | 73.9 | 12.3 |
| Netherlands | 20 | 72.8 | 12.1 |
| Uruguay | 21 | 71 | 2.6 |
| Germany | 22 | 70.4 | 11.6 |
| Belgium | 23 | 69.8 | 12.5 |
| Italy | 24 | 68.5 | 9.6 |
| Malta | 25 | 66.6 | 13 |
| Mozambique | 26 | 64.5 | -3.5 |
| Brunei Darussalam | 27 | 63.4 | -7.7 |
| Israel | 28 | 62.6 | 8.8 |
| Slovenia | 29 | 62.5 | 7.6 |
| Singapore | 30 | 61.8 | 1.4 |
| Panama | 31 | 61.7 | 5.1 |
| Maldives | 32 | 61.3 | 6.4 |
| Malawi | 33 | 61.2 | 0.7 |
| Lithuania | 34 | 60.5 | 19.2 |
| Paraguay | 35 | 59 | 2.5 |
| Cyprus | 36 | 58.8 | 10.5 |
| Ethiopia | 37 | 58.4 | -5 |
| Burundi | 38 | 57.9 | -1.1 |
| Greece | 39 | 57.6 | 10.2 |
| Costa Rica | 40 | 57.4 | 1.6 |
| Brazil | 41 | 56.6 | 8.9 |
| Madagascar | 42 | 56.4 | -3 |
| Comoros | 43 | 54.7 | -2.7 |
| Argentina | 43 | 54.7 | 2.3 |
| South Korea | 45 | 53.8 | 2 |
| Nicaragua | 46 | 53.5 | -2.7 |
| Latvia | 47 | 53.2 | 19.1 |
| Tanzania | 48 | 53 | -1.6 |
| Chile | 48 | 53 | 1.7 |
| Colombia | 50 | 50.1 | 5.6 |
| Kenya | 51 | 49.9 | 3.8 |
| Tonga | 52 | 49.6 | -2 |
| Papua New Guinea | 53 | 49.4 | -1.8 |
| Czech Republic | 54 | 49.1 | 8.7 |
| Timor-Leste | 55 | 49 | -6.3 |
| Niger | 56 | 48.6 | -3.9 |
| Uganda | 57 | 48 | -3.5 |
| Taiwan | 58 | 47.9 | 1 |
| Peru | 59 | 47.6 | 3.3 |
| Haiti | 60 | 47.5 | -4.3 |
| Cuba | 61 | 47.1 | 1 |
| Honduras | 62 | 46.9 | -3.7 |
| Russia | 62 | 46.9 | 18.4 |
| Croatia | 64 | 46.4 | 8.4 |
| Samoa | 65 | 46.3 | -3.1 |
| Ecuador | 66 | 46.2 | 4.2 |
| Kiribati | 67 | 46.1 | -3.1 |
| Bahamas | 68 | 46 | 0.4 |
| Mali | 69 | 45.6 | -3 |
| Dem. Rep. Congo | 70 | 45.4 | -9.9 |
| Rwanda | 71 | 45.2 | -3.7 |
| Sri Lanka | 72 | 44.8 | 5.4 |
| El Salvador | 72 | 44.8 | -4.8 |
| Burkina Faso | 74 | 44.7 | -5.4 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 75 | 44.6 | 0.4 |
| Albania | 76 | 44.2 | 2.8 |
| Liberia | 77 | 43.7 | -7.5 |
| Jamaica | 77 | 43.7 | -3.3 |
| Cambodia | 79 | 43.2 | 2.4 |
| Slovakia | 80 | 43.1 | 9.1 |
| Hungary | 81 | 43 | 9.2 |
| Chad | 82 | 42.4 | -5.1 |
| Mexico | 83 | 42.2 | -0.1 |
| Vanuatu | 83 | 42.2 | -3.2 |
| Moldova | 85 | 41.7 | 17.1 |
| Laos | 86 | 41.3 | 3.2 |
| Guatemala | 87 | 41.2 | -1.5 |
| Romania | 88 | 41.1 | 8.9 |
| Thailand | 88 | 41.1 | 5 |
| Poland | 90 | 40.7 | 8.1 |
| Barbados | 90 | 40.7 | -1.6 |
| Belize | 92 | 40.2 | -3.7 |
| Solomon Islands | 93 | 40.1 | -7.8 |
| Seychelles | 94 | 39.2 | -0.4 |
| Zimbabwe | 95 | 38.2 | 1.5 |
| Dominica | 96 | 38 | -3.1 |
| Mauritius | 97 | 37.8 | 3.1 |
| Guinea | 97 | 37.8 | -2.9 |
| Marshall Islands | 99 | 37.6 | -0.6 |
| Benin | 100 | 37.5 | -6.3 |
| Sierra Leone | 101 | 37.3 | -5.1 |
| Zambia | 102 | 36.9 | -3.9 |
| Central African Republic | 103 | 36.8 | -1.7 |
| Viet Nam | 104 | 36.6 | 3.8 |
| Malaysia | 105 | 36.5 | 3.8 |
| Saint Lucia | 106 | 36.1 | -3.6 |
| Dominican Republic | 107 | 34.8 | -6.4 |
| Bolivia | 108 | 34.5 | 2.9 |
| Philippines | 109 | 34.2 | 1.6 |
| Belarus | 110 | 34.1 | 15.5 |
| Senegal | 111 | 33.8 | -3.7 |
| Togo | 112 | 33.7 | -5 |
| Venezuela | 112 | 33.7 | 0.7 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 114 | 32.8 | -2.2 |
| Gambia | 115 | 32.7 | -6.8 |
| Angola | 116 | 32.6 | -10 |
| Turkey | 117 | 32.3 | 6.7 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 118 | 32.1 | -2.1 |
| Georgia | 119 | 31.9 | 3.5 |
| Fiji | 120 | 31.5 | -2.4 |
| Grenada | 121 | 31.3 | -0.6 |
| Montenegro | 122 | 31.2 | 6.3 |
| Micronesia | 123 | 31 | -3.1 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 124 | 30.8 | -7.5 |
| Bhutan | 125 | 30.6 | -3.2 |
| Ukraine | 125 | 30.6 | 6.2 |
| Suriname | 127 | 30.3 | 0.5 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 128 | 30.1 | -0.8 |
| Eritrea | 129 | 29.9 | -4.3 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 130 | 29.3 | 3.5 |
| Jordan | 131 | 29.1 | 6.3 |
| Indonesia | 132 | 28.6 | 1 |
| Bulgaria | 133 | 28.2 | 6.1 |
| Serbia | 134 | 28.1 | 7.8 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 135 | 27.9 | 4.5 |
| Namibia | 136 | 27.2 | 1 |
| Myanmar | 137 | 27 | 3.7 |
| Kazakhstan | 138 | 26.6 | 5.9 |
| Iran | 139 | 26.5 | 6.2 |
| Tunisia | 140 | 26.2 | 5.4 |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 141 | 25.9 | -4.2 |
| Afghanistan | 142 | 25.4 | -10 |
| Lebanon | 143 | 25 | 3.9 |
| Bangladesh | 144 | 24.2 | -3.8 |
| Kuwait | 144 | 24.2 | 4.4 |
| Eswatini | 146 | 24.1 | 2 |
| China | 147 | 23.4 | 4.3 |
| South Africa | 148 | 22.7 | 7.1 |
| Armenia | 149 | 22.1 | 5.7 |
| Mauritania | 150 | 22 | -2.3 |
| Algeria | 151 | 21.9 | 2 |
| Nigeria | 152 | 21.4 | -6.4 |
| Cabo Verde | 152 | 21.4 | -15.9 |
| Guyana | 154 | 20.6 | 2.5 |
| Republic of Congo | 155 | 20 | -5.1 |
| Lesotho | 156 | 18.8 | 0.3 |
| North Macedonia | 157 | 18.3 | 5.3 |
| Botswana | 158 | 17.8 | 2.4 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 159 | 17.6 | -6.7 |
| Ghana | 160 | 17.1 | -4.4 |
| Djibouti | 161 | 16.7 | -0.4 |
| Bahrain | 162 | 16.5 | 6.4 |
| Cameroon | 163 | 16.4 | -4.7 |
| Nepal | 164 | 16.3 | -6 |
| Gabon | 165 | 16.1 | 1.2 |
| Sudan | 166 | 14.8 | -8.5 |
| Morocco | 167 | 14 | -2.1 |
| United Arab Emirates | 168 | 13.9 | 8.1 |
| Qatar | 169 | 13 | 7.8 |
| Azerbaijan | 170 | 12.7 | 3.5 |
| Oman | 171 | 11.7 | 7.1 |
| Turkmenistan | 171 | 11.7 | 2.4 |
| Mongolia | 173 | 11.2 | -1.6 |
| India | 174 | 10.9 | -4 |
| Tajikistan | 175 | 10.7 | -3.9 |
| Saudi Arabia | 176 | 10 | 6 |
| Pakistan | 177 | 8.5 | -5 |
| Iraq | 178 | 7.3 | 6.1 |
| Uzbekistan | 179 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Egypt | 180 | - | - |