We measure lead exposure using the number of age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years lost per 100,000 persons (DALY rate) due to lead contamination in the environment. A score of 100 indicates a country has among the lowest DALY rates in the world (≤1st-percentile), while a score of 0 indicates a country is among the highest (≥99th-percentile). Data for this indicator come from the Institute for Health Metrics & Evaluation’s (IHME) Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.
Lead exposure
| Country | Rank | EPI Score | 10-Year Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark | 1 | 100 | 6.4 |
| Japan | 1 | 100 | - |
| Finland | 1 | 100 | - |
| Sweden | 4 | 98 | 5.6 |
| Chile | 5 | 97.8 | 5.8 |
| Canada | 6 | 96.6 | 5.9 |
| Luxembourg | 7 | 96.1 | 10.8 |
| Iceland | 7 | 96.1 | 9.7 |
| Netherlands | 9 | 95.1 | 7.5 |
| Switzerland | 10 | 95 | 6.6 |
| United Kingdom | 11 | 94.6 | 7.6 |
| Norway | 12 | 94 | 9.7 |
| Israel | 13 | 92.1 | 7.3 |
| Austria | 14 | 91.7 | 7.6 |
| Germany | 15 | 90.7 | 6 |
| South Korea | 16 | 89.4 | 11.3 |
| Slovenia | 17 | 88.1 | 7.3 |
| Estonia | 18 | 87.4 | 5.9 |
| Singapore | 19 | 85.4 | 10.8 |
| France | 20 | 84 | 8.5 |
| Lithuania | 21 | 83.9 | 8.3 |
| Ireland | 22 | 82.7 | 8.4 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 23 | 82 | 6.4 |
| Thailand | 24 | 81.6 | 8 |
| Italy | 25 | 81.5 | 7.3 |
| Tonga | 26 | 78.8 | 3.7 |
| Latvia | 27 | 78.4 | 7.8 |
| Australia | 28 | 77.2 | 6.3 |
| Fiji | 29 | 77 | 4.7 |
| Czech Republic | 30 | 76.4 | 7.4 |
| United States of America | 31 | 75.9 | 6.4 |
| New Zealand | 32 | 75.5 | 5 |
| Croatia | 33 | 75.1 | 7.3 |
| Taiwan | 34 | 73.6 | 5.5 |
| Argentina | 35 | 73.1 | 3.8 |
| Sri Lanka | 36 | 72.4 | 7.6 |
| Russia | 37 | 72.2 | 9.5 |
| Spain | 38 | 71.3 | 6.6 |
| Barbados | 39 | 70.4 | 3.6 |
| Greece | 40 | 69.4 | 5.8 |
| Cyprus | 40 | 69.4 | 9.2 |
| Ukraine | 42 | 69.3 | 3.6 |
| Slovakia | 43 | 69.2 | 7.9 |
| Seychelles | 44 | 68.6 | 5.4 |
| Samoa | 44 | 68.6 | 2.1 |
| Brunei Darussalam | 46 | 68.4 | 7.9 |
| Hungary | 47 | 68.2 | 6.2 |
| Peru | 47 | 68.2 | 6.5 |
| Belgium | 49 | 67.4 | 6.9 |
| Bahamas | 50 | 67.1 | 5.2 |
| Mauritius | 51 | 66.8 | 7.1 |
| Poland | 52 | 65.3 | 8.5 |
| Portugal | 52 | 65.3 | 7.8 |
| Montenegro | 54 | 65.2 | 4.4 |
| Ecuador | 55 | 63 | 5.2 |
| Uruguay | 56 | 62.3 | 4.6 |
| Malaysia | 57 | 62.1 | 6 |
| Colombia | 58 | 61.9 | 9.4 |
| Turkey | 59 | 61.5 | 7.8 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 60 | 60.5 | 4.7 |
| Papua New Guinea | 61 | 60.3 | 3.3 |
| Cabo Verde | 62 | 59.5 | -1.7 |
| Qatar | 63 | 59.2 | 7.7 |
| Brazil | 64 | 58.9 | 7.7 |
| South Africa | 65 | 58.8 | 8.2 |
| Bahrain | 66 | 58.7 | 9 |
| Belarus | 67 | 57.7 | 8.2 |
| Panama | 68 | 57.5 | 6.2 |
| Kuwait | 69 | 56.8 | 7.6 |
| Mauritania | 70 | 55.8 | 4.7 |
| Maldives | 71 | 55.4 | 6 |
| Ghana | 72 | 55.3 | 5.1 |
| Moldova | 73 | 54.7 | 7.7 |
| Belize | 74 | 54.5 | 5 |
| United Arab Emirates | 75 | 54.3 | 13.2 |
| Gabon | 76 | 54.1 | 6.5 |
| Costa Rica | 77 | 53.8 | 5.6 |
| Kazakhstan | 78 | 52.8 | 11.2 |
| Dominica | 78 | 52.8 | 3.9 |
| Saint Lucia | 80 | 51.8 | 2.5 |
| Nigeria | 81 | 51.5 | 4.6 |
| Romania | 82 | 51.4 | 6.8 |
| Paraguay | 83 | 51.2 | 4.9 |
| Serbia | 84 | 51.1 | 5.3 |
| Armenia | 85 | 50.8 | 5.7 |
| Kenya | 86 | 50.6 | 6.3 |
| Malta | 86 | 50.6 | 7.7 |
| Georgia | 88 | 49.9 | 5.3 |
| Jamaica | 89 | 48.9 | 2.2 |
| Cuba | 90 | 48.3 | 3.8 |
| Philippines | 91 | 48 | 3.1 |
| Viet Nam | 92 | 47.8 | 5.2 |
| Senegal | 93 | 47.7 | 2.9 |
| Comoros | 94 | 47.1 | 4.6 |
| Jordan | 95 | 46.7 | 6 |
| North Macedonia | 95 | 46.7 | 4.6 |
| Marshall Islands | 97 | 46.6 | 4.4 |
| Djibouti | 98 | 46.2 | 5.7 |
| Albania | 99 | 46.1 | 2.1 |
| Bulgaria | 100 | 45.8 | 5.3 |
| Mexico | 101 | 45.7 | 3 |
| Vanuatu | 102 | 45.6 | 1.5 |
| Rwanda | 103 | 45.2 | 4.9 |
| Republic of Congo | 104 | 45.1 | 4.5 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 105 | 45 | 3 |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 106 | 44.9 | 5.3 |
| Namibia | 107 | 44.5 | 4.7 |
| Togo | 108 | 43.7 | 4.4 |
| Bolivia | 108 | 43.7 | 2.2 |
| Lebanon | 110 | 43.6 | 7.7 |
| Tanzania | 110 | 43.6 | 4.1 |
| Turkmenistan | 112 | 43.5 | 3.9 |
| Bhutan | 113 | 43.3 | 5.3 |
| Suriname | 114 | 43.2 | 4.2 |
| Venezuela | 115 | 43.1 | 1.6 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 116 | 42.9 | 4.3 |
| Zambia | 117 | 42.4 | 5.1 |
| Grenada | 118 | 41.9 | 5.4 |
| Uganda | 118 | 41.9 | 5 |
| Micronesia | 120 | 41.5 | 3.9 |
| Azerbaijan | 121 | 41 | 4.4 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 122 | 40.8 | 6.1 |
| Eswatini | 123 | 40.2 | 7.4 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 124 | 40.1 | 4.1 |
| Botswana | 125 | 39.8 | 6.7 |
| Algeria | 126 | 38.9 | 5.2 |
| Eritrea | 127 | 38.3 | 5.7 |
| Myanmar | 128 | 38.2 | 6.7 |
| China | 129 | 37.6 | 6.5 |
| Sierra Leone | 130 | 37.4 | 3.4 |
| Malawi | 130 | 37.4 | 5.6 |
| Angola | 132 | 37.3 | 4.9 |
| Liberia | 132 | 37.3 | 3.7 |
| Gambia | 134 | 37.1 | 1.2 |
| Oman | 135 | 37 | 10.4 |
| Kiribati | 135 | 37 | 2 |
| Benin | 137 | 36.8 | 3.5 |
| Tunisia | 138 | 36.5 | 5.7 |
| Cameroon | 139 | 36.1 | 4.4 |
| Dem. Rep. Congo | 139 | 36.1 | 3.2 |
| Burundi | 141 | 35.8 | 4 |
| Ethiopia | 141 | 35.8 | 6.2 |
| El Salvador | 143 | 35.5 | 3.5 |
| Saudi Arabia | 144 | 35.4 | 9.3 |
| Cambodia | 145 | 35 | 3.6 |
| Laos | 146 | 34.7 | 5.6 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 146 | 34.7 | 3.2 |
| Indonesia | 148 | 34.6 | 4.8 |
| Nicaragua | 149 | 34.5 | 5.4 |
| Timor-Leste | 150 | 34.3 | -1.1 |
| Mongolia | 151 | 33.2 | 7.6 |
| Madagascar | 152 | 33 | 4.4 |
| Guinea | 153 | 32.9 | 2.5 |
| Zimbabwe | 154 | 32.6 | 3.7 |
| Mali | 155 | 32.5 | 1.6 |
| Guatemala | 156 | 30.6 | 3.5 |
| Dominican Republic | 157 | 30 | 0.6 |
| Burkina Faso | 158 | 29.7 | 1.2 |
| Iraq | 159 | 29.6 | 4.6 |
| Chad | 160 | 29.1 | 2.4 |
| Morocco | 161 | 28.9 | 3 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 162 | 28.5 | 4.3 |
| Uzbekistan | 163 | 27.8 | 6.3 |
| Iran | 164 | 27.4 | 5.6 |
| Niger | 165 | 27.3 | -0.1 |
| Nepal | 166 | 27.2 | 1.1 |
| Solomon Islands | 167 | 25.5 | 1.4 |
| Lesotho | 168 | 25 | 3.7 |
| Guyana | 169 | 24.9 | 4.8 |
| Central African Republic | 170 | 24 | 2 |
| Mozambique | 171 | 23.7 | 4.3 |
| Bangladesh | 172 | 23.2 | 8.7 |
| Pakistan | 173 | 23 | 3.8 |
| India | 174 | 21 | 3.9 |
| Honduras | 175 | 20.7 | 1.5 |
| Tajikistan | 176 | 15.7 | 2.8 |
| Egypt | 177 | 13.5 | 3.4 |
| Haiti | 178 | 12.1 | 3 |
| Sudan | 179 | 7.1 | 4 |
| Afghanistan | 180 | - | - |