Our greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity growth rate indicator serves as a signal of countries’ progress in decoupling emissions from economic growth. We calculate an annual average growth rate in GHG emissions per unit of GDP over the years 2008–2017. This indicator highlights the need for action on climate change mitigation in countries at all income levels. A score of 100 indicates that a country is successfully decoupling, with decreasing GHG intensity (≤5th-percentile of all growth rates), and a score of 0 indicates increasing GHG intensity (≥95th-percentile). Emission data come from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK).
Greenhouse gas intensity growth rate
| Country | Rank | EPI Score | 10-Year Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gabon | 1 | 100 | 21.6 |
| Botswana | 1 | 100 | 55 |
| Eritrea | 1 | 100 | 75.7 |
| Djibouti | 1 | 100 | 47.4 |
| Taiwan | 1 | 100 | 34 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 6 | 97.4 | 52.7 |
| Uzbekistan | 7 | 97.1 | -2.9 |
| Seychelles | 8 | 95.8 | 26.2 |
| Ethiopia | 9 | 94.8 | 25.6 |
| Qatar | 10 | 90.8 | -4.8 |
| Namibia | 11 | 87 | 40.6 |
| Iran | 12 | 86.1 | 46.7 |
| Denmark | 13 | 82.8 | 25.5 |
| Zimbabwe | 14 | 82.6 | 82.6 |
| Dem. Rep. Congo | 15 | 82 | 17.1 |
| Ireland | 16 | 80.4 | 11.8 |
| Cameroon | 17 | 79.7 | 16.9 |
| United Kingdom | 18 | 79.3 | 17.1 |
| Cambodia | 19 | 79.2 | 1.6 |
| Romania | 20 | 78.7 | -15.9 |
| China | 21 | 77.3 | 27.1 |
| Bahrain | 22 | 77 | 70.3 |
| Turkmenistan | 23 | 76.3 | -11.5 |
| Laos | 24 | 76.1 | -2.9 |
| Luxembourg | 25 | 75.7 | 31.4 |
| Myanmar | 26 | 73.2 | -26.8 |
| Panama | 27 | 72.9 | -0.1 |
| Rwanda | 28 | 71.5 | 10.9 |
| Kenya | 29 | 70.1 | 53.2 |
| Dominican Republic | 30 | 69.2 | 0.2 |
| North Macedonia | 31 | 68.5 | -24 |
| Sweden | 32 | 68.4 | 13.2 |
| Ukraine | 33 | 68.2 | -21.3 |
| Malta | 34 | 68.1 | 26.3 |
| Papua New Guinea | 35 | 68 | 24.6 |
| Norway | 36 | 67.9 | 39 |
| Indonesia | 37 | 67.6 | 20.4 |
| Uruguay | 38 | 64.7 | 13.7 |
| Slovakia | 39 | 64.2 | -28.4 |
| Lebanon | 40 | 63.7 | -9.2 |
| Republic of Congo | 41 | 63.5 | 25.8 |
| Israel | 42 | 62.8 | 11.6 |
| Australia | 43 | 62.5 | -1.5 |
| India | 44 | 62.2 | 7.2 |
| Bangladesh | 44 | 62.2 | 2.9 |
| Mozambique | 46 | 62.1 | -13.2 |
| Switzerland | 47 | 62 | 23.4 |
| Zambia | 48 | 61.6 | -33.2 |
| Nigeria | 49 | 61.5 | -38.5 |
| Czech Republic | 50 | 60.7 | -14.2 |
| Poland | 51 | 59.9 | -13.8 |
| Tajikistan | 52 | 59.8 | 0.6 |
| Slovenia | 53 | 58.4 | -0.4 |
| Mexico | 54 | 57.9 | 38.6 |
| Tanzania | 55 | 57.6 | -8.1 |
| Colombia | 56 | 57.2 | 3.1 |
| United States of America | 57 | 56.7 | 4.6 |
| France | 57 | 56.7 | 6.7 |
| Turkey | 59 | 56.6 | 14.9 |
| Finland | 60 | 56.1 | 2.7 |
| Ecuador | 60 | 56.1 | 14.7 |
| Malaysia | 62 | 55.8 | 22.1 |
| Jordan | 63 | 55.4 | -9 |
| Togo | 63 | 55.4 | 27.9 |
| Burkina Faso | 65 | 55.2 | 14.5 |
| Lesotho | 66 | 54.4 | -3.7 |
| Angola | 67 | 53.9 | -43.4 |
| Egypt | 68 | 53.4 | 21.1 |
| Italy | 69 | 53.3 | 6.1 |
| Spain | 69 | 53.3 | -4.7 |
| Hungary | 71 | 52.5 | -13 |
| Germany | 72 | 52.2 | -1.4 |
| Philippines | 73 | 52.1 | -14.2 |
| Uganda | 74 | 51.6 | 3 |
| New Zealand | 75 | 51.5 | -7 |
| Tunisia | 76 | 51.4 | 0.3 |
| Afghanistan | 77 | 50.6 | -1.5 |
| Canada | 77 | 50.6 | -10.9 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 79 | 50.4 | 16.8 |
| Bulgaria | 80 | 50.3 | -34.9 |
| South Africa | 81 | 50.2 | 11.6 |
| Eswatini | 81 | 50.2 | -23.9 |
| Morocco | 81 | 50.2 | 9.4 |
| Croatia | 84 | 49.7 | -2.4 |
| Grenada | 84 | 49.7 | 23.6 |
| Barbados | 86 | 49.6 | 29.5 |
| Niger | 87 | 49.4 | 21.2 |
| Solomon Islands | 88 | 48.4 | - |
| Ghana | 88 | 48.4 | -17.2 |
| Madagascar | 90 | 47.8 | 2.9 |
| Kazakhstan | 91 | 47.7 | 3.2 |
| Belgium | 92 | 47.1 | -6.7 |
| Sudan | 93 | 47 | -32.7 |
| Senegal | 94 | 46.8 | -7.4 |
| Chile | 95 | 46.2 | 0.9 |
| Cuba | 96 | 46.1 | -27.7 |
| Georgia | 97 | 45.9 | -13.8 |
| Paraguay | 98 | 45.8 | -1.6 |
| Viet Nam | 99 | 45.6 | 2.9 |
| Costa Rica | 100 | 45.5 | -6.5 |
| Lithuania | 101 | 45.2 | -19.2 |
| El Salvador | 101 | 45.2 | 4.6 |
| Bolivia | 101 | 45.2 | 42.8 |
| Pakistan | 104 | 45.1 | 4.2 |
| Nepal | 105 | 45 | -5.9 |
| South Korea | 106 | 44.8 | -12.2 |
| Bhutan | 107 | 44.5 | -40.3 |
| Guyana | 108 | 44.4 | -7.1 |
| Nicaragua | 109 | 43.8 | -5.8 |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 110 | 43.5 | -0.6 |
| Mauritius | 110 | 43.5 | 6.1 |
| Moldova | 112 | 43.4 | -30.6 |
| Jamaica | 113 | 42.8 | -27.9 |
| Austria | 114 | 42.7 | 3.5 |
| Tonga | 115 | 42.6 | 28 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 116 | 42.1 | -0.3 |
| Latvia | 117 | 41.7 | -11.3 |
| Peru | 118 | 41.4 | 3.2 |
| Estonia | 119 | 41.1 | -18.5 |
| Algeria | 120 | 41 | -2.8 |
| Netherlands | 121 | 40.9 | -10.7 |
| Thailand | 122 | 40.4 | -0.9 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 123 | 39.2 | 0.1 |
| Honduras | 124 | 38.5 | -5.7 |
| Cyprus | 125 | 37.9 | -12.6 |
| Benin | 126 | 37.2 | 14.5 |
| Montenegro | 127 | 37 | -16 |
| Mali | 128 | 36.8 | -10.4 |
| Guinea | 129 | 36.7 | 15.2 |
| Sierra Leone | 130 | 36.4 | -12.4 |
| Albania | 130 | 36.4 | -48 |
| Russia | 132 | 36.2 | -38.5 |
| Argentina | 132 | 36.2 | -24.8 |
| Japan | 132 | 36.2 | -5.3 |
| Serbia | 135 | 34.9 | -39.3 |
| Singapore | 136 | 34.6 | -43 |
| Iceland | 137 | 34.4 | -6 |
| Mauritania | 138 | 33.7 | -37.6 |
| Malawi | 139 | 33.4 | -10.5 |
| Mongolia | 140 | 33.3 | -13.1 |
| Kuwait | 141 | 33.2 | -11.4 |
| Iraq | 142 | 33 | -34.4 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 143 | 32.8 | 10.9 |
| Sri Lanka | 144 | 31.9 | -37.4 |
| Fiji | 145 | 31.4 | -15.7 |
| Saudi Arabia | 146 | 30.7 | 7.6 |
| Vanuatu | 147 | 29.4 | -11.5 |
| Greece | 148 | 28.8 | -28.2 |
| Comoros | 148 | 28.8 | 2.5 |
| Liberia | 150 | 28.5 | 22.9 |
| Azerbaijan | 151 | 27.7 | -72.3 |
| Oman | 152 | 27 | 21.1 |
| Saint Lucia | 153 | 26.5 | -22.1 |
| Belarus | 154 | 26.4 | -57.7 |
| Maldives | 155 | 25.8 | 11 |
| Gambia | 156 | 25.6 | 22.6 |
| Suriname | 156 | 25.6 | -38.7 |
| Guatemala | 158 | 24.7 | -18.8 |
| Brazil | 158 | 24.7 | -26.3 |
| Haiti | 160 | 23.2 | 23.2 |
| Armenia | 161 | 23 | -43.1 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 162 | 22 | -11.4 |
| Burundi | 163 | 20.8 | -3.8 |
| Dominica | 164 | 20.6 | -23.6 |
| United Arab Emirates | 165 | 19.8 | 3.3 |
| Belize | 166 | 17.7 | -27.4 |
| Kiribati | 167 | 16.3 | 16.3 |
| Cabo Verde | 168 | 15.2 | -18.3 |
| Brunei Darussalam | 169 | 11.1 | 11.1 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 170 | 10.8 | -7.3 |
| Marshall Islands | 171 | 9.1 | 1.7 |
| Venezuela | 172 | 6.8 | -72.4 |
| Portugal | 173 | 6.1 | -38.8 |
| Samoa | 174 | 5.9 | -40 |
| Bahamas | 175 | - | -29.5 |
| Central African Republic | 175 | - | -59 |
| Chad | 175 | - | -100 |
| Micronesia | 175 | - | -41.8 |
| Timor-Leste | 175 | - | -100 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 175 | - | -100 |