The Biodiversity and Habitat issue category assesses countries’ actions toward retaining natural ecosystems and protecting the full range of biodiversity within their borders. It consists of seven indicators: terrestrial biome protection (weighted for the national and global rarity of biomes), marine protected areas, Protected Areas Representativeness Index, Species Habitat Index, Species Protection Index, and Biodiversity Habitat Index.
Biodiversity & Habitat
| Country | Rank | EPI Score | 10-Year Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Botswana | 1 | 91.6 | 1.4 |
| Zambia | 2 | 90.4 | -0.3 |
| Poland | 3 | 89 | 0.6 |
| Germany | 4 | 88.8 | 0.7 |
| France | 5 | 88.3 | 0.6 |
| United Kingdom | 6 | 88 | 19.3 |
| Belize | 7 | 87.9 | 1.5 |
| Spain | 8 | 87.6 | 18.2 |
| Lithuania | 9 | 87.5 | 4.3 |
| Belgium | 10 | 87.4 | 0.6 |
| Bhutan | 11 | 87.2 | 2.2 |
| Estonia | 12 | 87 | -1 |
| Zimbabwe | 12 | 87 | 1.2 |
| Latvia | 14 | 86.7 | -1.3 |
| Slovenia | 15 | 86.4 | 1.1 |
| Gabon | 16 | 86 | 20 |
| Czech Republic | 17 | 85.7 | 0.8 |
| Austria | 18 | 85.5 | 0.8 |
| Luxembourg | 18 | 85.5 | 2.1 |
| Romania | 20 | 85 | 7 |
| Slovakia | 20 | 85 | 0.6 |
| Central African Republic | 22 | 84.7 | 1 |
| Malawi | 23 | 84.2 | - |
| New Zealand | 24 | 84 | 0.1 |
| Australia | 25 | 83.7 | 21.3 |
| Netherlands | 25 | 83.7 | 1.4 |
| Bolivia | 27 | 83.6 | -0.6 |
| Croatia | 28 | 82.6 | 38.1 |
| Kiribati | 29 | 82.1 | - |
| Hungary | 30 | 82 | 1.1 |
| Denmark | 31 | 81.7 | 0.6 |
| Dominican Republic | 32 | 81.6 | -0.2 |
| Uganda | 33 | 81.4 | -0.7 |
| United Arab Emirates | 34 | 80.9 | 39.4 |
| Armenia | 35 | 79.2 | -0.3 |
| Seychelles | 36 | 78.9 | 15.1 |
| Bahamas | 37 | 78.8 | 36.7 |
| Brazil | 38 | 78.1 | 16.9 |
| Burkina Faso | 39 | 77.8 | 1.3 |
| Bulgaria | 40 | 77.7 | 3.9 |
| Niger | 41 | 77.6 | 16.9 |
| Ecuador | 42 | 77.3 | 4.5 |
| Colombia | 43 | 76.8 | 5.9 |
| Japan | 44 | 76.6 | -1.2 |
| Namibia | 44 | 76.6 | 1.6 |
| Italy | 46 | 75.6 | 0.3 |
| Finland | 47 | 75.5 | -1.2 |
| Malta | 48 | 75.1 | 20 |
| Venezuela | 48 | 75.1 | 0.6 |
| Dem. Rep. Congo | 50 | 73.3 | 1.6 |
| Mongolia | 51 | 73.1 | 5.2 |
| Portugal | 52 | 73 | 6.6 |
| Mexico | 53 | 72.9 | 19.3 |
| Greece | 54 | 72.6 | 0.4 |
| Sweden | 55 | 72.5 | 7.6 |
| Ethiopia | 56 | 72.2 | 0.6 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 56 | 72.2 | 3.3 |
| Republic of Congo | 58 | 71.7 | 6.5 |
| Norway | 59 | 71.5 | 3.8 |
| Tanzania | 60 | 70.7 | 0.2 |
| Costa Rica | 61 | 70.1 | 1.9 |
| Laos | 62 | 69.7 | -8.1 |
| Chad | 63 | 69 | 0.2 |
| Senegal | 64 | 68.7 | 1.1 |
| Albania | 65 | 68.2 | 11.1 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 66 | 67.8 | 1.6 |
| United States of America | 67 | 67.5 | -0.8 |
| Morocco | 68 | 67.4 | 43.2 |
| Mozambique | 68 | 67.4 | 2.2 |
| Benin | 70 | 67 | 0.7 |
| Kuwait | 71 | 66 | 33.6 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 71 | 66 | -0.9 |
| Tajikistan | 73 | 65.8 | -0.4 |
| Ireland | 73 | 65.8 | 2.1 |
| Chile | 75 | 65.3 | 21 |
| Taiwan | 76 | 65 | -1.6 |
| Timor-Leste | 77 | 64.5 | 8.7 |
| Togo | 78 | 64.2 | 0.8 |
| Suriname | 79 | 63.6 | 3.2 |
| South Africa | 80 | 63.2 | 22.8 |
| Iceland | 80 | 63.2 | 2.3 |
| Switzerland | 82 | 63 | 3.5 |
| Paraguay | 83 | 62.8 | -7.6 |
| South Korea | 84 | 62.6 | 0.4 |
| Nepal | 84 | 62.6 | 5.1 |
| North Macedonia | 86 | 62.1 | -0.2 |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 87 | 62 | -4.3 |
| Belarus | 88 | 61.2 | 3.5 |
| Sri Lanka | 89 | 61.1 | 1.3 |
| Canada | 90 | 60.5 | 7 |
| Panama | 91 | 60.4 | -0.9 |
| Cambodia | 92 | 60.1 | -3.5 |
| Guinea | 93 | 59.9 | -0.8 |
| Honduras | 93 | 59.9 | 2.6 |
| Mali | 95 | 59.6 | 1.3 |
| Nicaragua | 95 | 59.6 | -7.4 |
| Peru | 97 | 59.5 | 3 |
| Brunei Darussalam | 98 | 59.2 | 0.5 |
| Ghana | 99 | 58.9 | 0.3 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 100 | 58.4 | 1.2 |
| Jamaica | 101 | 58.2 | -3.8 |
| Serbia | 102 | 57.4 | 6.9 |
| Rwanda | 102 | 57.4 | -0.2 |
| Azerbaijan | 104 | 56.9 | 0.1 |
| Philippines | 105 | 56.6 | -3.4 |
| Cyprus | 106 | 56.5 | 0.8 |
| Indonesia | 107 | 56.3 | -2.1 |
| Dominica | 107 | 56.3 | 1.1 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 109 | 55.7 | 1.7 |
| Malaysia | 110 | 55.1 | -8.6 |
| Russia | 111 | 54.1 | -0.6 |
| Nigeria | 112 | 53.6 | - |
| Kenya | 113 | 53.5 | 0.8 |
| Thailand | 114 | 53 | -0.5 |
| Sierra Leone | 115 | 52.9 | 7.1 |
| Burundi | 116 | 52.3 | 4.7 |
| Cuba | 117 | 51.1 | 10.4 |
| Guyana | 118 | 51 | 13.1 |
| Egypt | 119 | 50.6 | 0.7 |
| Argentina | 120 | 49.1 | 7.1 |
| Cameroon | 121 | 48.6 | 9 |
| Israel | 122 | 47.6 | 1 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 122 | 47.6 | 1.5 |
| Bangladesh | 124 | 46.8 | 3.5 |
| Sudan | 125 | 46.6 | -15.6 |
| Georgia | 126 | 46.2 | 4.4 |
| Pakistan | 127 | 46.1 | -0.7 |
| Kazakhstan | 128 | 41.6 | 0.8 |
| Guatemala | 129 | 41.3 | -6.5 |
| Qatar | 129 | 41.3 | -2.1 |
| Iraq | 131 | 40.5 | 12 |
| Turkmenistan | 132 | 39.7 | - |
| Angola | 133 | 39.3 | -0.5 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 134 | 39.2 | - |
| Algeria | 135 | 39 | -0.3 |
| Saudi Arabia | 136 | 38.8 | 0.1 |
| Eswatini | 137 | 38.4 | 1.6 |
| Iran | 137 | 38.4 | - |
| Ukraine | 139 | 37.7 | 0.1 |
| Uzbekistan | 140 | 37.6 | -1.5 |
| Tonga | 141 | 37.3 | 0.6 |
| Tunisia | 142 | 37.1 | 5 |
| Saint Lucia | 143 | 36.9 | 1.5 |
| Montenegro | 144 | 36.6 | 7.4 |
| Comoros | 145 | 36.3 | 0.4 |
| El Salvador | 146 | 35.8 | 5 |
| Haiti | 147 | 34.5 | 12.3 |
| India | 148 | 33.7 | -0.5 |
| Eritrea | 148 | 33.7 | 0.2 |
| Viet Nam | 150 | 33.3 | 1.7 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 151 | 32.9 | 2 |
| Liberia | 152 | 32.6 | -2.1 |
| Gambia | 152 | 32.6 | 0.8 |
| Jordan | 154 | 32.2 | 4.7 |
| Grenada | 155 | 31.5 | 3.9 |
| Myanmar | 156 | 31 | 2.3 |
| Vanuatu | 157 | 30 | 0.3 |
| Samoa | 158 | 29.9 | 2.2 |
| Oman | 159 | 28.2 | 1.1 |
| Moldova | 160 | 27.9 | 0.3 |
| Papua New Guinea | 161 | 27.3 | 0.9 |
| Fiji | 162 | 25.1 | -0.2 |
| Uruguay | 163 | 25 | 2.4 |
| Madagascar | 163 | 25 | -4.5 |
| Djibouti | 165 | 23 | 6.4 |
| Lesotho | 166 | 22.5 | 0.2 |
| Afghanistan | 167 | 21.9 | -0.4 |
| Lebanon | 168 | 21.8 | -0.2 |
| Singapore | 169 | 20.9 | 0.2 |
| Mauritius | 170 | 19.3 | 1.2 |
| Mauritania | 171 | 19.2 | -0.2 |
| China | 172 | 19 | -0.8 |
| Bahrain | 173 | 18.9 | 0.2 |
| Solomon Islands | 174 | 15.3 | -3.3 |
| Turkey | 175 | 15.1 | -0.6 |
| Cabo Verde | 176 | 14.3 | 0.3 |
| Barbados | 177 | 12.6 | 1.2 |
| Marshall Islands | 178 | 11.4 | 1.7 |
| Micronesia | 179 | 6.9 | 0.4 |
| Maldives | 180 | 6.5 | 1.8 |