The new Ecosystem Services issue category recognizes the important services ecosystems provide to human and environmental well-being, including carbon sequestration and storage, biodiversity habitat, nutrient cycling, and coastal protection. It consists of three indicators to evaluate the state of these ecosystems: tree cover loss, grassland loss, and wetland loss.
Ecosystem Services
| Country | Rank | EPI Score | 10-Year Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Djibouti | 1 | 100.00 | 33.60 |
| United Arab Emirates | 1 | 100.00 | NA |
| Bahrain | 1 | 100.00 | NA |
| Micronesia | 1 | 100.00 | 78.80 |
| Eritrea | 10 | 90.10 | -4.10 |
| Cabo Verde | 15 | 80.80 | -19.20 |
| Iceland | 16 | 77.40 | -22.60 |
| Iraq | 18 | 70.20 | 25.20 |
| Iran | 19 | 67.00 | 3.10 |
| Jordan | 20 | 63.20 | -5.20 |
| Afghanistan | 21 | 61.80 | 10.50 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 22 | 61.70 | 15.10 |
| Armenia | 25 | 59.70 | 21.20 |
| Botswana | 26 | 58.80 | 24.90 |
| Azerbaijan | 27 | 58.10 | 6.40 |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 28 | 55.50 | -1.50 |
| Egypt | 29 | 55.10 | 1.50 |
| Georgia | 31 | 51.20 | 3.90 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 33 | 45.40 | 8.00 |
| Israel | 34 | 42.20 | 0.90 |
| Kazakhstan | 36 | 40.10 | -1.00 |
| Central African Republic | 37 | 39.70 | 0.40 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 39 | 39.50 | 17.80 |
| Gabon | 45 | 37.70 | -1.70 |
| Bulgaria | 46 | 37.40 | 1.50 |
| Barbados | 49 | 35.90 | 8.80 |
| Grenada | 50 | 35.80 | 14.30 |
| Comoros | 51 | 35.50 | -11.30 |
| Croatia | 53 | 34.40 | 1.40 |
| Bhutan | 58 | 33.30 | -14.40 |
| Cyprus | 61 | 32.50 | -10.90 |
| Guyana | 62 | 31.50 | -10.00 |
| Switzerland | 66 | 30.70 | -10.20 |
| Colombia | 67 | 30.60 | 0.10 |
| Jamaica | 69 | 30.10 | -0.90 |
| Canada | 70 | 29.80 | 10.40 |
| Belize | 71 | 29.70 | 2.20 |
| Angola | 73 | 29.40 | -3.70 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 75 | 29.10 | -4.30 |
| Gambia | 77 | 28.50 | 3.20 |
| Chile | 78 | 28.40 | 10.70 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 79 | 28.30 | 5.30 |
| Greece | 81 | 28.10 | 0.60 |
| Hungary | 83 | 28.00 | 3.70 |
| Austria | 83 | 28.00 | 3.80 |
| Ethiopia | 85 | 27.60 | -12.10 |
| Japan | 88 | 26.80 | -7.40 |
| Republic of Congo | 90 | 26.50 | -4.10 |
| Italy | 93 | 26.10 | -6.50 |
| Ecuador | 95 | 25.80 | 1.30 |
| Bahamas | 96 | 25.10 | -0.10 |
| India | 97 | 25.00 | -14.30 |
| Albania | 99 | 24.20 | 2.20 |
| Algeria | 101 | 23.70 | -6.40 |
| United Kingdom | 102 | 23.60 | -3.30 |
| Argentina | 104 | 23.00 | 0.70 |
| Costa Rica | 105 | 22.90 | 2.80 |
| Honduras | 107 | 22.70 | -5.50 |
| Fiji | 107 | 22.70 | -4.60 |
| Burundi | 110 | 22.20 | -7.70 |
| China | 114 | 21.60 | -11.60 |
| France | 115 | 21.50 | -5.60 |
| Brunei Darussalam | 117 | 20.70 | 0.40 |
| Haiti | 118 | 20.40 | -14.00 |
| Australia | 119 | 20.10 | -6.10 |
| Finland | 119 | 20.10 | -1.70 |
| Cuba | 126 | 19.20 | -3.10 |
| Cameroon | 127 | 19.10 | -17.90 |
| Czech Republic | 127 | 19.10 | -7.50 |
| Germany | 132 | 17.90 | -18.00 |
| Kenya | 134 | 17.70 | -8.30 |
| Belarus | 134 | 17.70 | -3.70 |
| Dem. Rep. Congo | 139 | 17.40 | -22.90 |
| Ireland | 139 | 17.40 | -8.20 |
| Brazil | 142 | 17.10 | -13.40 |
| Dominican Republic | 143 | 16.90 | -0.50 |
| Denmark | 144 | 16.40 | -15.80 |
| Belgium | 145 | 16.30 | -9.10 |
| Benin | 146 | 15.80 | -6.80 |
| Estonia | 153 | 15.20 | -17.50 |
| Bangladesh | 155 | 14.90 | -18.70 |
| Dominica | 158 | 14.30 | -26.60 |
| Guinea | 160 | 13.90 | -3.20 |
| Indonesia | 161 | 13.60 | 1.90 |
| Spain | 162 | 13.40 | -7.70 |
| Bolivia | 163 | 13.00 | -14.40 |
| Guatemala | 164 | 12.30 | -7.50 |
| Ghana | 167 | 10.30 | -10.40 |
| Cambodia | 168 | 9.70 | -12.70 |
| Burkina Faso | 168 | 9.70 | -8.90 |
| Kiribati | NA | NA | NA |
| Maldives | 1 | 100.00 | 68.70 |
| Mauritius | 1 | 100.00 | 81.50 |
| Malta | 1 | 100.00 | 91.60 |
| Niger | 13 | 82.50 | -6.20 |
| Mauritania | 14 | 81.30 | -4.90 |
| Pakistan | 24 | 61.30 | 12.50 |
| Oman | 32 | 46.80 | 10.80 |
| Nepal | 40 | 39.40 | -11.00 |
| Namibia | 41 | 39.10 | 19.10 |
| Saint Lucia | 42 | 38.90 | 1.70 |
| Montenegro | 47 | 36.70 | -2.40 |
| Moldova | 57 | 33.50 | -15.70 |
| Mexico | 60 | 32.70 | 4.30 |
| Papua New Guinea | 63 | 31.40 | 3.00 |
| Mongolia | 64 | 31.20 | 0.20 |
| Norway | 65 | 30.80 | 0.90 |
| Sri Lanka | 67 | 30.60 | -10.90 |
| Kuwait | 76 | 29.00 | 10.70 |
| Lesotho | 79 | 28.30 | -20.10 |
| Peru | 85 | 27.60 | -2.70 |
| New Zealand | 87 | 26.90 | -1.40 |
| Philippines | 89 | 26.70 | -2.80 |
| Mali | 90 | 26.50 | -4.40 |
| Lebanon | 92 | 26.40 | -3.20 |
| Myanmar | 94 | 26.00 | -8.50 |
| Netherlands | 98 | 24.40 | -4.20 |
| North Macedonia | 100 | 24.00 | 1.70 |
| Panama | 106 | 22.80 | 7.80 |
| Lithuania | 112 | 21.90 | -3.40 |
| Madagascar | 113 | 21.80 | 0.80 |
| Morocco | 119 | 20.10 | -20.40 |
| Nicaragua | 125 | 19.70 | -5.20 |
| Luxembourg | 131 | 18.10 | -7.00 |
| Poland | 134 | 17.70 | -14.80 |
| South Korea | 134 | 17.70 | -12.00 |
| Laos | 141 | 17.20 | -6.30 |
| Latvia | 146 | 15.80 | -14.10 |
| Mozambique | 146 | 15.80 | -7.80 |
| Malawi | 154 | 15.00 | -15.00 |
| Nigeria | 165 | 12.20 | -12.50 |
| Portugal | 171 | 8.60 | -2.20 |
| Malaysia | 174 | 2.60 | -14.30 |
| Liberia | 175 | 2.40 | -15.00 |
| Marshall Islands | NA | NA | NA |
| Saudi Arabia | 1 | 100.00 | NA |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 1 | 100.00 | NA |
| Turkmenistan | 11 | 84.00 | 49.00 |
| Tajikistan | 12 | 83.00 | 31.70 |
| Seychelles | 17 | 71.70 | -28.30 |
| Uzbekistan | 22 | 61.70 | 6.30 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 30 | 51.90 | 5.40 |
| Sudan | 35 | 41.20 | 0.90 |
| Serbia | 37 | 39.70 | 4.90 |
| Vanuatu | 43 | 38.60 | -11.10 |
| El Salvador | 44 | 38.30 | 18.90 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 48 | 36.00 | 21.20 |
| Romania | 52 | 35.00 | 0.80 |
| Timor-Leste | 53 | 34.40 | 1.00 |
| Slovenia | 55 | 34.10 | -0.40 |
| Venezuela | 56 | 33.60 | -3.50 |
| Suriname | 59 | 33.10 | -21.10 |
| Tunisia | 71 | 29.70 | -2.60 |
| Sweden | 74 | 29.30 | 7.90 |
| Taiwan | 81 | 28.10 | -7.90 |
| Ukraine | 103 | 23.30 | -6.40 |
| Togo | 109 | 22.40 | -13.80 |
| Turkey | 111 | 22.00 | -6.10 |
| Eswatini | 116 | 20.90 | 9.70 |
| United States of America | 119 | 20.10 | 2.60 |
| Slovakia | 123 | 19.90 | -10.50 |
| Zambia | 123 | 19.90 | -5.80 |
| Tanzania | 129 | 18.80 | -11.70 |
| Russia | 130 | 18.70 | -7.00 |
| Rwanda | 133 | 17.80 | -8.20 |
| Zimbabwe | 134 | 17.70 | 3.70 |
| Sierra Leone | 146 | 15.80 | -2.00 |
| Uruguay | 150 | 15.70 | 1.20 |
| Senegal | 151 | 15.50 | -15.10 |
| Thailand | 152 | 15.30 | -12.10 |
| Uganda | 156 | 14.60 | -11.50 |
| South Africa | 157 | 14.40 | -4.10 |
| Paraguay | 159 | 14.10 | -13.70 |
| Solomon Islands | 166 | 11.50 | -10.30 |
| Chad | 170 | 9.00 | -13.60 |
| Viet Nam | 172 | 8.50 | -12.60 |
| Singapore | 173 | 5.00 | -11.40 |
| Qatar | 176 | NA | -100.00 |
| Tonga | NA | NA | NA |
| Samoa | NA | NA | NA |