We measure PM2.5 exposure using the number of age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years lost per 100,000 persons (DALY rate) due to exposure to fine air particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5). A score of 100 indicates a country has among the lowest DALY rates in the world (≤1st-percentile), while a score of 0 indicates a country is among the highest (≥99th-percentile). Data for this indicator come from the Institute for Health Metrics & Evaluation’s (IHME) Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.
PM2.5 exposure
| Country | Rank | EPI Score | 10-Year Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iceland | 1 | 100.00 | 1.80 |
| Australia | 1 | 100.00 | 4.90 |
| Finland | 1 | 100.00 | 12.60 |
| New Zealand | 1 | 100.00 | 3.50 |
| Sweden | 1 | 100.00 | 10.00 |
| Norway | 1 | 100.00 | 15.70 |
| Estonia | 7 | 93.20 | 31.10 |
| Canada | 8 | 92.20 | 10.50 |
| Ireland | 9 | 88.00 | 18.30 |
| Switzerland | 10 | 84.60 | 16.90 |
| Portugal | 11 | 83.00 | 15.80 |
| Spain | 12 | 79.60 | 12.40 |
| France | 13 | 78.40 | 14.60 |
| Luxembourg | 14 | 77.50 | 16.30 |
| Denmark | 15 | 74.60 | 18.20 |
| United States of America | 15 | 74.60 | 13.60 |
| Japan | 17 | 73.80 | -1.40 |
| United Kingdom | 18 | 71.00 | 12.20 |
| Austria | 19 | 69.30 | 14.60 |
| Netherlands | 20 | 68.10 | 14.10 |
| Uruguay | 21 | 66.10 | 2.80 |
| Germany | 22 | 65.50 | 13.20 |
| Belgium | 23 | 64.70 | 14.20 |
| Italy | 24 | 63.40 | 11.90 |
| Malta | 25 | 61.30 | 14.70 |
| Mozambique | 26 | 59.00 | -5.40 |
| Brunei Darussalam | 27 | 57.80 | -7.70 |
| Israel | 28 | 56.90 | 10.50 |
| Slovenia | 29 | 56.80 | 9.70 |
| Singapore | 30 | 56.00 | 2.90 |
| Panama | 31 | 55.90 | 5.80 |
| Maldives | 32 | 55.40 | 7.20 |
| Malawi | 33 | 55.30 | -0.70 |
| Lithuania | 34 | 54.50 | 21.40 |
| Paraguay | 35 | 52.90 | 3.00 |
| Cyprus | 36 | 52.70 | 12.80 |
| Ethiopia | 37 | 52.20 | -6.20 |
| Burundi | 38 | 51.80 | -1.90 |
| Greece | 39 | 51.40 | 12.10 |
| Costa Rica | 40 | 51.20 | -1.10 |
| Brazil | 41 | 50.30 | 10.50 |
| Madagascar | 42 | 50.00 | -3.50 |
| Comoros | 43 | 48.20 | -2.40 |
| Argentina | 43 | 48.20 | 2.60 |
| South Korea | 45 | 47.20 | 3.30 |
| Nicaragua | 46 | 46.90 | -2.60 |
| Latvia | 47 | 46.50 | 21.90 |
| Chile | 48 | 46.40 | 2.00 |
| Tanzania | 48 | 46.40 | -2.30 |
| Colombia | 50 | 43.10 | 6.80 |
| Kenya | 51 | 42.90 | 2.90 |
| Tonga | 52 | 42.60 | -2.40 |
| Papua New Guinea | 53 | 42.40 | -2.90 |
| Czech Republic | 54 | 42.00 | 10.30 |
| Timor-Leste | 55 | 41.90 | -8.30 |
| Niger | 56 | 41.50 | -3.60 |
| Uganda | 57 | 40.80 | -5.30 |
| Taiwan | 58 | 40.70 | 2.00 |
| Peru | 59 | 40.40 | 2.90 |
| Haiti | 60 | 40.30 | -5.20 |
| Cuba | 61 | 39.80 | 1.30 |
| Honduras | 62 | 39.60 | -4.90 |
| Russia | 62 | 39.60 | 20.20 |
| Croatia | 64 | 39.10 | 10.80 |
| Samoa | 65 | 39.00 | -3.00 |
| Ecuador | 66 | 38.80 | 4.80 |
| Kiribati | 66 | 38.80 | -2.70 |
| Bahamas | 68 | 38.60 | 0.80 |
| Mali | 69 | 38.10 | -4.00 |
| Dem. Rep. Congo | 70 | 38.00 | -11.20 |
| Rwanda | 71 | 37.70 | -4.50 |
| Sri Lanka | 72 | 37.40 | 6.20 |
| El Salvador | 73 | 37.30 | -3.80 |
| Burkina Faso | 74 | 37.20 | -6.80 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 75 | 37.10 | 0.40 |
| Albania | 76 | 36.70 | 3.60 |
| Liberia | 77 | 36.20 | -8.40 |
| Jamaica | 78 | 36.10 | 0.10 |
| Cambodia | 79 | 35.50 | 2.80 |
| Slovakia | 80 | 35.40 | 12.00 |
| Hungary | 81 | 35.30 | 11.10 |
| Chad | 82 | 34.60 | -6.20 |
| Vanuatu | 83 | 34.50 | -4.00 |
| Mexico | 84 | 34.40 | 0.60 |
| Moldova | 85 | 33.90 | 18.40 |
| Laos | 86 | 33.50 | 4.20 |
| Guatemala | 87 | 33.30 | -2.40 |
| Thailand | 87 | 33.30 | 6.00 |
| Romania | 89 | 33.20 | 10.60 |
| Poland | 90 | 32.90 | 10.40 |
| Barbados | 91 | 32.80 | -1.40 |
| Belize | 92 | 32.30 | -3.80 |
| Solomon Islands | 93 | 32.10 | -9.50 |
| Seychelles | 94 | 31.20 | 0.40 |
| Zimbabwe | 95 | 30.10 | 2.00 |
| Dominica | 96 | 29.80 | -3.90 |
| Mauritius | 97 | 29.70 | 4.90 |
| Guinea | 98 | 29.60 | -3.90 |
| Marshall Islands | 99 | 29.50 | -0.50 |
| Benin | 100 | 29.30 | -8.00 |
| Sierra Leone | 101 | 29.00 | -6.00 |
| Zambia | 102 | 28.60 | -5.40 |
| Central African Republic | 103 | 28.50 | -2.70 |
| Viet Nam | 104 | 28.40 | 4.10 |
| Malaysia | 105 | 28.20 | 5.40 |
| Saint Lucia | 106 | 27.80 | -3.30 |
| Dominican Republic | 107 | 26.40 | -7.20 |
| Bolivia | 108 | 26.10 | 3.50 |
| Belarus | 109 | 25.60 | 16.80 |
| Philippines | 109 | 25.60 | 2.50 |
| Senegal | 111 | 25.20 | -2.20 |
| Togo | 112 | 25.10 | -6.00 |
| Venezuela | 112 | 25.10 | 2.30 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 114 | 24.20 | -2.60 |
| Angola | 115 | 24.00 | -12.00 |
| Gambia | 115 | 24.00 | -7.80 |
| Turkey | 117 | 23.60 | 7.10 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 118 | 23.30 | -2.60 |
| Georgia | 119 | 23.10 | 4.50 |
| Fiji | 120 | 22.70 | -2.60 |
| Grenada | 121 | 22.50 | -0.90 |
| Montenegro | 122 | 22.40 | 7.70 |
| Micronesia | 123 | 22.20 | -3.80 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 124 | 22.00 | -9.20 |
| Bhutan | 125 | 21.70 | -4.70 |
| Ukraine | 125 | 21.70 | 8.50 |
| Suriname | 127 | 21.40 | 0.70 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 128 | 21.20 | -0.10 |
| Eritrea | 129 | 21.00 | -4.80 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 130 | 20.30 | 4.40 |
| Jordan | 131 | 20.10 | 7.90 |
| Indonesia | 132 | 19.60 | 1.10 |
| Bulgaria | 133 | 19.10 | 7.70 |
| Serbia | 134 | 19.00 | 9.80 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 135 | 18.70 | 5.60 |
| Namibia | 136 | 17.90 | 0.60 |
| Myanmar | 137 | 17.80 | 4.60 |
| Kazakhstan | 138 | 17.40 | 6.70 |
| Iran | 139 | 17.20 | 7.60 |
| Tunisia | 140 | 16.90 | 6.10 |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 141 | 16.60 | -4.20 |
| Afghanistan | 142 | 16.00 | -12.60 |
| Lebanon | 143 | 15.60 | 4.20 |
| Bangladesh | 144 | 14.70 | -4.80 |
| Kuwait | 144 | 14.70 | 8.60 |
| Eswatini | 146 | 14.60 | 2.50 |
| China | 147 | 13.80 | 4.50 |
| South Africa | 148 | 13.10 | 8.40 |
| Armenia | 149 | 12.40 | 6.80 |
| Mauritania | 150 | 12.20 | -2.70 |
| Algeria | 151 | 12.10 | 2.80 |
| Cabo Verde | 152 | 11.70 | -17.20 |
| Nigeria | 153 | 11.60 | -7.90 |
| Guyana | 154 | 10.70 | 2.60 |
| Republic of Congo | 155 | 10.10 | -6.30 |
| Lesotho | 156 | 8.70 | -0.90 |
| North Macedonia | 157 | 8.20 | 7.00 |
| Botswana | 158 | 7.70 | 2.20 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 159 | 7.50 | -8.80 |
| Ghana | 160 | 6.90 | -5.30 |
| Djibouti | 161 | 6.40 | -0.90 |
| Bahrain | 162 | 6.30 | 6.30 |
| Cameroon | 163 | 6.10 | -6.00 |
| Nepal | 164 | 6.00 | -7.50 |
| Gabon | 165 | 5.80 | 1.50 |
| Sudan | 166 | 4.40 | -10.50 |
| Morocco | 167 | 3.50 | -2.40 |
| United Arab Emirates | 168 | 3.40 | 3.40 |
| Qatar | 169 | 2.40 | 2.40 |
| Azerbaijan | 170 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| Oman | 171 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Turkmenistan | 172 | 0.90 | 0.90 |
| Mongolia | 173 | 0.50 | -2.50 |
| India | 174 | NA | -5.10 |
| Egypt | 174 | NA | NA |
| Iraq | 174 | NA | NA |
| Tajikistan | 174 | NA | -5.20 |
| Pakistan | 174 | NA | -4.10 |
| Saudi Arabia | 174 | NA | NA |
| Uzbekistan | 174 | NA | NA |