We measure exposure to ground-level nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) using a country’s ambient ground-level concentration. The pollutant concentration is population-weighted to better capture the exposure levels in geographic areas with a higher human population density. A score of 100 indicates a country has among the lowest exposure in the world (≤5th-percentile), while a score of 0 indicates a country is among the highest (≥99th-percentile). Data for this indicator come from the Copernicus database and from Wolf et al., 2021.
NOx exposure
Country | Rank | EPI Score | 10-Year Change |
---|---|---|---|
Micronesia | 1 | 100.00 | NA |
Kiribati | 1 | 100.00 | NA |
Samoa | 1 | 100.00 | 9.80 |
Marshall Islands | 1 | 100.00 | NA |
Solomon Islands | 1 | 100.00 | NA |
Tonga | 1 | 100.00 | NA |
Vanuatu | 1 | 100.00 | NA |
Maldives | 8 | 96.30 | -0.30 |
Sao Tome and Principe | 9 | 95.90 | 3.60 |
Seychelles | 10 | 94.20 | 2.50 |
Guyana | 11 | 87.50 | 0.60 |
Suriname | 12 | 84.40 | -0.90 |
Grenada | 13 | 79.10 | -1.40 |
Barbados | 14 | 78.80 | 2.60 |
Cabo Verde | 14 | 78.80 | 6.20 |
Antigua and Barbuda | 16 | 77.20 | 7.90 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 17 | 76.90 | 2.20 |
Comoros | 18 | 76.30 | 0.30 |
Fiji | 19 | 76.20 | 2.00 |
Dominica | 20 | 74.10 | 2.40 |
Saint Lucia | 21 | 73.40 | 3.80 |
Mauritius | 22 | 68.80 | 11.00 |
Bahamas | 23 | 65.70 | 9.60 |
Timor-Leste | 24 | 64.20 | 1.10 |
Papua New Guinea | 25 | 64.10 | 0.40 |
Iceland | 26 | 63.80 | 6.00 |
Equatorial Guinea | 27 | 59.20 | -4.80 |
Belize | 28 | 58.00 | -3.20 |
Bolivia | 29 | 50.10 | -0.80 |
Mauritania | 29 | 50.10 | -0.80 |
Gabon | 31 | 49.90 | -3.20 |
Tanzania | 32 | 49.10 | 1.60 |
Cote d'Ivoire | 33 | 47.70 | 1.80 |
Liberia | 34 | 47.40 | 11.60 |
Mozambique | 35 | 46.40 | -0.40 |
New Zealand | 36 | 46.30 | 6.50 |
Cyprus | 37 | 45.50 | 13.80 |
Madagascar | 37 | 45.50 | 2.10 |
Guinea-Bissau | 39 | 45.20 | 0.70 |
Namibia | 40 | 44.70 | 1.10 |
Nicaragua | 41 | 44.50 | 0.90 |
Chad | 42 | 43.20 | 3.00 |
Djibouti | 43 | 42.90 | -5.20 |
Central African Republic | 44 | 42.30 | 3.50 |
Republic of Congo | 44 | 42.30 | 4.10 |
Mali | 46 | 41.80 | 1.70 |
Cuba | 47 | 41.70 | 0.70 |
Paraguay | 48 | 41.60 | -2.60 |
Botswana | 49 | 39.80 | -1.50 |
Sudan | 49 | 39.80 | -1.00 |
Trinidad and Tobago | 51 | 39.50 | 2.40 |
Uruguay | 52 | 39.20 | -2.70 |
Ghana | 53 | 39.00 | -0.70 |
Burkina Faso | 54 | 38.90 | 0.20 |
Cameroon | 55 | 38.80 | -1.80 |
Senegal | 56 | 38.10 | -2.70 |
Afghanistan | 57 | 37.80 | -6.00 |
Gambia | 57 | 37.80 | -3.20 |
Zambia | 59 | 37.60 | -0.30 |
Malta | 60 | 36.80 | 9.80 |
Togo | 61 | 36.70 | 0.80 |
Malawi | 62 | 35.30 | 0.20 |
Eritrea | 63 | 34.90 | -7.30 |
Zimbabwe | 64 | 34.80 | 0.70 |
Benin | 65 | 34.70 | -1.10 |
Sierra Leone | 65 | 34.70 | 12.30 |
Ireland | 67 | 34.40 | 3.10 |
Montenegro | 68 | 34.10 | 1.20 |
Myanmar | 69 | 34.00 | 3.90 |
Turkmenistan | 70 | 33.50 | -2.50 |
Guinea | 71 | 33.30 | 4.10 |
Panama | 72 | 33.20 | -1.20 |
Niger | 72 | 33.20 | -1.10 |
Dem. Rep. Congo | 74 | 33.00 | 0.30 |
Azerbaijan | 75 | 32.70 | -1.20 |
Latvia | 76 | 32.60 | 2.10 |
Angola | 77 | 32.40 | 1.90 |
Sweden | 78 | 32.30 | 4.00 |
Honduras | 79 | 31.70 | -1.80 |
Lithuania | 80 | 31.50 | 0.50 |
Venezuela | 81 | 30.50 | NA |
Georgia | 82 | 30.30 | -4.20 |
Ethiopia | 83 | 30.20 | -1.60 |
Mongolia | 84 | 29.90 | -4.20 |
Uganda | 84 | 29.90 | -2.60 |
Albania | 86 | 29.50 | 3.00 |
Brunei Darussalam | 87 | 29.30 | 2.80 |
Haiti | 88 | 29.10 | 0.80 |
Jamaica | 88 | 29.10 | 0.80 |
Cambodia | 90 | 29.00 | -3.20 |
Moldova | 90 | 29.00 | -0.90 |
Peru | 92 | 28.90 | -10.80 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 93 | 28.00 | 1.50 |
Ecuador | 94 | 27.20 | -0.10 |
Belarus | 95 | 26.90 | -0.80 |
Costa Rica | 96 | 26.80 | -1.10 |
Brazil | 97 | 26.20 | -1.30 |
Colombia | 98 | 25.90 | -2.10 |
Estonia | 99 | 25.80 | 5.10 |
Philippines | 100 | 25.30 | 2.30 |
Kazakhstan | 101 | 25.10 | -4.80 |
Greece | 102 | 25.00 | 5.60 |
Tajikistan | 103 | 24.40 | -2.30 |
Burundi | 104 | 24.30 | -0.70 |
Denmark | 105 | 24.10 | 4.70 |
Laos | 106 | 23.90 | -3.30 |
Serbia | 107 | 23.30 | 2.80 |
Bhutan | 108 | 22.90 | -5.80 |
Argentina | 109 | 22.80 | 0.90 |
Kenya | 110 | 22.30 | -4.00 |
Nigeria | 111 | 21.50 | -4.40 |
Spain | 112 | 21.30 | 5.40 |
Norway | 112 | 21.30 | 4.10 |
Ukraine | 114 | 21.00 | -0.80 |
North Macedonia | 114 | 21.00 | 2.50 |
Portugal | 114 | 21.00 | 5.00 |
Armenia | 117 | 20.90 | -8.80 |
Croatia | 118 | 20.80 | 2.10 |
Dominican Republic | 119 | 20.50 | -0.60 |
Eswatini | 119 | 20.50 | -2.50 |
Romania | 121 | 20.30 | 2.40 |
Singapore | 122 | 20.10 | 8.80 |
Sri Lanka | 123 | 19.50 | -5.80 |
Bulgaria | 124 | 19.40 | 1.90 |
Canada | 125 | 19.10 | 5.50 |
Kyrgyzstan | 126 | 18.70 | -3.50 |
Guatemala | 126 | 18.70 | -1.20 |
Poland | 128 | 18.60 | 6.00 |
Hungary | 129 | 18.50 | 2.50 |
France | 130 | 18.10 | 5.10 |
Indonesia | 131 | 17.90 | 5.30 |
Rwanda | 132 | 17.70 | -3.50 |
Oman | 133 | 17.40 | -5.40 |
Turkey | 134 | 17.30 | 1.30 |
Slovakia | 135 | 17.20 | 3.40 |
Switzerland | 136 | 16.90 | 6.80 |
Tunisia | 137 | 16.70 | -2.90 |
Morocco | 138 | 16.30 | -8.40 |
Malaysia | 139 | 16.10 | 2.80 |
Australia | 140 | 15.70 | 5.10 |
Austria | 141 | 15.50 | 3.70 |
Slovenia | 141 | 15.50 | 3.00 |
Thailand | 143 | 15.20 | -1.30 |
United States of America | 143 | 15.20 | 7.80 |
El Salvador | 145 | 15.00 | -2.00 |
Viet Nam | 146 | 14.90 | -3.90 |
Saudi Arabia | 146 | 14.90 | -2.60 |
Luxembourg | 148 | 14.80 | 5.50 |
Nepal | 149 | 13.50 | -4.60 |
Netherlands | 149 | 13.50 | 8.20 |
Germany | 151 | 13.40 | 5.90 |
Japan | 151 | 13.40 | 10.80 |
Finland | 153 | 13.10 | 4.40 |
Czech Republic | 154 | 13.00 | 3.40 |
Lesotho | 154 | 13.00 | -1.50 |
Italy | 156 | 12.50 | 6.80 |
Russia | 157 | 12.30 | -2.40 |
United Kingdom | 158 | 10.80 | 6.70 |
Belgium | 159 | 10.60 | 7.00 |
Mexico | 160 | 9.20 | -1.20 |
Algeria | 161 | 8.20 | -5.00 |
Uzbekistan | 162 | 6.70 | -2.40 |
Chile | 163 | 6.00 | -1.60 |
Bangladesh | 164 | 5.80 | -5.30 |
Iraq | 165 | 4.00 | -6.60 |
India | 166 | 3.30 | -4.30 |
Lebanon | 167 | 2.70 | -1.30 |
Pakistan | 168 | 2.10 | -3.30 |
Jordan | 169 | 1.00 | -3.00 |
Egypt | 170 | 0.90 | -4.40 |
Qatar | 171 | 0.70 | -5.10 |
Bahrain | 172 | 0.60 | -4.70 |
South Africa | 173 | 0.40 | -4.80 |
United Arab Emirates | 174 | NA | NA |
China | 174 | NA | NA |
Iran | 174 | NA | -4.30 |
Israel | 174 | NA | NA |
South Korea | 174 | NA | NA |
Kuwait | 174 | NA | NA |
Taiwan | 174 | NA | NA |