This new indicator estimates CO2 emissions from land cover change over the years 2008–2017. A score of 100 indicates a country emits among the least amount of CO2 (≤5th-percentile) from land cover change, and a score of 0 indicates greatest amount (≥95th-percentile). Data are drawn from existing global data sets integrated in FLINTpro.
Growth rate in carbon dioxide emissions from land cover
| Country | Rank | EPI Score | 10-Year Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 1 | 100.00 | 19.70 |
| Azerbaijan | 1 | 100.00 | 21.80 |
| Armenia | 1 | 100.00 | 28.20 |
| Burkina Faso | 1 | 100.00 | 81.10 |
| United Arab Emirates | 1 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| Germany | 18 | 93.40 | 93.40 |
| Botswana | 19 | 91.90 | 14.90 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 20 | 88.60 | 49.70 |
| Albania | 22 | 87.30 | 25.30 |
| Argentina | 23 | 86.70 | 55.40 |
| Belgium | 24 | 85.90 | 85.90 |
| Austria | 26 | 78.20 | 43.60 |
| Costa Rica | 30 | 76.90 | 27.60 |
| Switzerland | 33 | 74.90 | 42.50 |
| Barbados | 41 | 66.80 | 24.50 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 46 | 61.40 | 4.60 |
| Brunei Darussalam | 47 | 61.20 | 5.90 |
| Bolivia | 49 | 60.00 | 25.60 |
| Czech Republic | 52 | 58.50 | 44.70 |
| Canada | 65 | 51.00 | -10.40 |
| Colombia | 68 | 50.20 | -5.30 |
| Central African Republic | 73 | 48.90 | 11.20 |
| China | 73 | 48.90 | 28.50 |
| Bhutan | 83 | 45.70 | 45.70 |
| Bulgaria | 89 | 43.50 | -31.60 |
| Belize | 94 | 41.20 | -15.90 |
| Burundi | 99 | 39.20 | -5.60 |
| Angola | 104 | 37.90 | 10.20 |
| Belarus | 105 | 37.60 | -12.30 |
| Australia | 107 | 35.40 | -50.70 |
| Brazil | 109 | 33.10 | -42.90 |
| Chile | 110 | 32.30 | -24.40 |
| Dem. Rep. Congo | 129 | 20.60 | -25.40 |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 131 | 20.10 | -41.20 |
| Cyprus | 132 | 18.10 | -1.10 |
| Cuba | 134 | 17.10 | -61.50 |
| Republic of Congo | 146 | 8.10 | -43.00 |
| Benin | 147 | 5.90 | -72.00 |
| Cameroon | 149 | 4.30 | -37.30 |
| Bahamas | 150 | 2.80 | -47.00 |
| Cabo Verde | 152 | NA | -59.90 |
| Bangladesh | 152 | NA | -48.60 |
| Comoros | 152 | NA | -31.20 |
| Bahrain | NA | NA | NA |
| Djibouti | NA | NA | NA |
| Kyrgyzstan | 1 | 100.00 | 19.80 |
| Kazakhstan | 1 | 100.00 | 24.40 |
| Grenada | 1 | 100.00 | 53.20 |
| Georgia | 16 | 98.50 | 42.00 |
| Iran | 21 | 87.80 | 4.00 |
| Gambia | 27 | 77.90 | 20.90 |
| France | 28 | 77.30 | 50.50 |
| Greece | 34 | 74.10 | 38.00 |
| Jordan | 36 | 72.50 | 11.80 |
| Denmark | 37 | 72.00 | 46.50 |
| Jamaica | 43 | 65.40 | 22.10 |
| Ecuador | 45 | 62.40 | 19.40 |
| Kenya | 48 | 60.10 | 7.00 |
| Japan | 50 | 59.80 | 16.20 |
| Indonesia | 57 | 56.20 | 23.00 |
| Ireland | 59 | 55.90 | -15.20 |
| United Kingdom | 61 | 55.30 | 26.70 |
| Cambodia | 69 | 49.80 | 39.10 |
| Guatemala | 71 | 49.70 | -4.90 |
| Finland | 72 | 49.10 | -3.60 |
| Ethiopia | 79 | 48.20 | 11.10 |
| Croatia | 82 | 46.10 | -11.30 |
| Dominican Republic | 86 | 44.70 | -6.80 |
| Dominica | 90 | 43.40 | 39.80 |
| Israel | 91 | 42.40 | -27.60 |
| Hungary | 93 | 41.80 | -12.20 |
| Estonia | 96 | 39.80 | -10.50 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 108 | 33.20 | 7.50 |
| Guyana | 111 | 31.40 | -19.60 |
| Italy | 113 | 30.10 | -12.30 |
| Honduras | 115 | 27.70 | -19.80 |
| Eritrea | 117 | 27.40 | -53.60 |
| Gabon | 120 | 26.30 | -35.50 |
| Fiji | 121 | 25.90 | -8.90 |
| Spain | 122 | 25.60 | -18.80 |
| India | 133 | 17.40 | -36.50 |
| Iraq | 138 | 14.20 | -65.90 |
| Algeria | 140 | 13.30 | -29.40 |
| Haiti | 144 | 10.20 | -47.30 |
| Ghana | 148 | 5.00 | -66.60 |
| Egypt | 152 | NA | -71.00 |
| Guinea | 152 | NA | -45.90 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 152 | NA | -36.10 |
| Micronesia | NA | NA | NA |
| Iceland | NA | NA | NA |
| Kiribati | NA | NA | NA |
| Mongolia | 1 | 100.00 | 38.80 |
| Nepal | 1 | 100.00 | 70.90 |
| North Macedonia | 1 | 100.00 | 77.10 |
| Pakistan | 1 | 100.00 | 81.70 |
| Panama | 25 | 79.90 | 36.90 |
| Namibia | 31 | 76.80 | -9.30 |
| Saint Lucia | 35 | 73.30 | 57.50 |
| Netherlands | 38 | 70.70 | 56.30 |
| Luxembourg | 39 | 69.40 | 69.40 |
| Latvia | 56 | 56.50 | 9.90 |
| Malaysia | 59 | 55.90 | 11.70 |
| Lebanon | 62 | 53.40 | 9.30 |
| South Korea | 63 | 53.10 | 35.30 |
| New Zealand | 67 | 50.40 | -11.50 |
| Mozambique | 69 | 49.80 | 24.80 |
| Mexico | 75 | 48.70 | -3.80 |
| Lithuania | 77 | 48.50 | 11.70 |
| Poland | 80 | 46.80 | 13.40 |
| Montenegro | 85 | 45.20 | -14.10 |
| Malta | 87 | 44.60 | -16.30 |
| Mali | 88 | 44.30 | 13.60 |
| Nicaragua | 92 | 42.30 | 21.70 |
| Norway | 96 | 39.80 | -7.50 |
| Peru | 100 | 39.10 | NA |
| Mauritania | 102 | 39.00 | -61.00 |
| Sri Lanka | 103 | 38.90 | 15.80 |
| Malawi | 119 | 27.00 | -26.00 |
| Oman | 123 | 25.40 | 7.80 |
| Philippines | 123 | 25.40 | -8.80 |
| Papua New Guinea | 126 | 23.70 | -23.30 |
| Myanmar | 127 | 22.00 | 5.30 |
| Laos | 139 | 14.00 | -6.20 |
| Nigeria | 142 | 12.30 | -39.80 |
| Lesotho | 143 | 10.60 | -58.50 |
| Portugal | 151 | 0.20 | -52.10 |
| Mauritius | 152 | NA | -100.00 |
| Niger | 152 | NA | -100.00 |
| Morocco | 152 | NA | -76.60 |
| Madagascar | 152 | NA | -52.10 |
| Kuwait | NA | NA | NA |
| Moldova | 152 | NA | -69.80 |
| Liberia | 152 | NA | -48.00 |
| Maldives | NA | NA | NA |
| Marshall Islands | NA | NA | NA |
| Paraguay | 40 | 67.70 | 31.60 |
| Qatar | NA | NA | NA |
| Tajikistan | 1 | 100.00 | 17.00 |
| Sudan | 1 | 100.00 | 57.10 |
| Turkmenistan | 1 | 100.00 | NA |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 17 | 94.40 | 94.40 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 29 | 77.20 | 45.20 |
| Taiwan | 32 | 76.60 | 62.70 |
| Slovakia | 42 | 66.50 | 57.90 |
| Romania | 44 | 63.00 | 7.00 |
| Eswatini | 51 | 59.70 | 5.80 |
| Zimbabwe | 53 | 57.40 | 16.00 |
| Tanzania | 54 | 56.70 | 24.50 |
| Sweden | 55 | 56.60 | 14.60 |
| Uzbekistan | 58 | 56.00 | -44.00 |
| Venezuela | 64 | 51.20 | -4.90 |
| United States of America | 66 | 50.70 | -15.60 |
| Turkey | 76 | 48.60 | -14.10 |
| El Salvador | 77 | 48.50 | -41.40 |
| Ukraine | 81 | 46.70 | 5.10 |
| Serbia | 84 | 45.40 | 4.20 |
| Timor-Leste | 95 | 40.50 | -16.40 |
| Senegal | 98 | 39.60 | -21.10 |
| Zambia | 100 | 39.10 | 31.20 |
| Russia | 106 | 36.70 | -31.80 |
| Thailand | 112 | 30.20 | 1.20 |
| Slovenia | 114 | 27.80 | 6.40 |
| Suriname | 116 | 27.50 | -12.50 |
| South Africa | 118 | 27.30 | -42.60 |
| Vanuatu | 125 | 24.30 | -6.50 |
| Togo | 128 | 21.00 | -54.20 |
| Chad | 130 | 20.30 | -45.50 |
| Uganda | 135 | 16.80 | -18.20 |
| Uruguay | 136 | 15.60 | -17.80 |
| Solomon Islands | 137 | 14.90 | -9.10 |
| Viet Nam | 141 | 12.50 | -6.30 |
| Rwanda | 145 | 8.40 | -40.10 |
| Saudi Arabia | 152 | NA | -70.20 |
| Sierra Leone | 152 | NA | -51.30 |
| Singapore | 152 | NA | -48.10 |
| Tunisia | 152 | NA | -34.80 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | NA | NA | NA |
| Seychelles | NA | NA | NA |
| Tonga | NA | NA | NA |
| Samoa | NA | NA | NA |