We measure household solid fuels using the number of age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years lost per 100,000 persons (DALY rate) due to exposure to household air pollution from the use of household solid fuels. A score of 100 indicates a country has among the lowest DALY rates in the world (≤5th-percentile), while a score of 0 indicates a country is among the highest (≥99th-percentile). Data for this indicator come from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study of the Institute for Health Metrics & Evaluation (IHME). Explore Household Solid Fuels scores and policy here.
Household solid fuels
| Country | Rank | EPI Score | 10-Year Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Arab Emirates | 1 | 100.00 | NA |
| Luxembourg | 1 | 100.00 | 4.20 |
| Belgium | 1 | 100.00 | 4.30 |
| South Korea | 1 | 100.00 | 4.60 |
| Canada | 1 | 100.00 | NA |
| Switzerland | 1 | 100.00 | NA |
| Germany | 1 | 100.00 | NA |
| Iceland | 1 | 100.00 | 0.20 |
| Denmark | 1 | 100.00 | 0.40 |
| Qatar | 1 | 100.00 | 0.70 |
| Sweden | 1 | 100.00 | 0.70 |
| Japan | 1 | 100.00 | 3.20 |
| France | 1 | 100.00 | 4.50 |
| Finland | 1 | 100.00 | 4.70 |
| Ireland | 1 | 100.00 | 6.70 |
| Jordan | 1 | 100.00 | 11.90 |
| United Kingdom | 1 | 100.00 | NA |
| Netherlands | 1 | 100.00 | NA |
| Norway | 1 | 100.00 | NA |
| Israel | 20 | 99.80 | 4.90 |
| Singapore | 21 | 99.30 | 11.00 |
| Australia | 22 | 98.10 | 7.50 |
| Kuwait | 23 | 97.90 | 12.10 |
| United States of America | 24 | 97.20 | 4.60 |
| Cyprus | 25 | 97.00 | 7.60 |
| New Zealand | 26 | 96.90 | 6.40 |
| Malta | 27 | 96.30 | 8.70 |
| Barbados | 28 | 95.80 | 6.00 |
| Austria | 29 | 95.70 | 6.00 |
| Italy | 30 | 89.80 | 6.20 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 31 | 88.90 | 7.60 |
| Portugal | 32 | 85.20 | 11.10 |
| Egypt | 33 | 84.40 | 17.40 |
| Greece | 34 | 83.40 | 5.90 |
| Turkmenistan | 35 | 82.60 | 14.30 |
| Iran | 36 | 82.20 | 16.70 |
| Spain | 37 | 80.80 | 7.50 |
| Tunisia | 38 | 80.50 | 15.10 |
| Lebanon | 39 | 79.70 | 16.40 |
| Algeria | 40 | 78.40 | 17.00 |
| Bahrain | 41 | 76.90 | 12.80 |
| Turkey | 42 | 75.70 | 14.70 |
| Saudi Arabia | 42 | 75.70 | 18.80 |
| Brunei Darussalam | 44 | 75.20 | 6.90 |
| Iraq | 44 | 75.20 | 26.80 |
| Slovakia | 46 | 74.60 | 7.00 |
| Venezuela | 47 | 74.40 | 8.90 |
| Czech Republic | 48 | 74.00 | 5.10 |
| Seychelles | 49 | 71.80 | 8.70 |
| Oman | 50 | 70.40 | 16.90 |
| Malaysia | 51 | 70.20 | 8.40 |
| Belarus | 52 | 70.10 | 12.00 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 53 | 69.30 | 7.70 |
| Bahamas | 54 | 67.10 | 5.80 |
| Lithuania | 55 | 64.30 | 9.20 |
| Uruguay | 56 | 64.20 | 7.80 |
| Russia | 57 | 63.40 | 9.30 |
| Mauritius | 58 | 62.90 | 11.20 |
| Cuba | 59 | 62.70 | 8.00 |
| Taiwan | 60 | 60.90 | 6.60 |
| Argentina | 61 | 60.50 | 7.20 |
| Slovenia | 62 | 60.20 | 5.80 |
| Estonia | 63 | 59.80 | 10.30 |
| Chile | 64 | 59.10 | 8.40 |
| Croatia | 65 | 58.00 | 7.00 |
| Armenia | 66 | 56.70 | 13.30 |
| Latvia | 67 | 54.90 | 6.70 |
| Grenada | 68 | 53.90 | 6.90 |
| Costa Rica | 69 | 53.70 | 5.40 |
| Saint Lucia | 70 | 53.40 | 8.50 |
| Ukraine | 71 | 50.80 | 5.10 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 72 | 49.70 | 5.40 |
| Ecuador | 72 | 49.70 | 9.10 |
| Poland | 74 | 49.40 | 6.90 |
| Panama | 75 | 47.10 | 9.00 |
| Moldova | 76 | 46.60 | 11.60 |
| Colombia | 77 | 45.80 | 10.20 |
| Dominica | 78 | 45.50 | 4.60 |
| Romania | 79 | 44.50 | 7.30 |
| Morocco | 80 | 44.40 | 14.20 |
| Hungary | 81 | 43.50 | 4.90 |
| Jamaica | 82 | 42.50 | 5.80 |
| Brazil | 83 | 42.10 | 8.70 |
| Gabon | 83 | 42.10 | 15.70 |
| Azerbaijan | 85 | 40.60 | 9.90 |
| Kazakhstan | 86 | 40.50 | 10.00 |
| Maldives | 87 | 40.40 | 10.00 |
| Peru | 88 | 40.30 | 10.80 |
| Thailand | 89 | 39.90 | 7.30 |
| Mexico | 90 | 39.40 | 5.00 |
| Suriname | 91 | 39.20 | 6.70 |
| Guyana | 92 | 39.00 | 10.10 |
| Serbia | 93 | 38.60 | 7.00 |
| El Salvador | 94 | 38.50 | 11.60 |
| Bulgaria | 95 | 38.00 | 4.00 |
| Dominican Republic | 96 | 37.70 | 6.00 |
| Belize | 97 | 37.00 | 5.60 |
| South Africa | 98 | 36.10 | 11.20 |
| Montenegro | 99 | 34.70 | 3.40 |
| Albania | 100 | 34.50 | 5.70 |
| North Macedonia | 101 | 34.40 | 5.60 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 102 | 33.40 | 4.70 |
| China | 103 | 32.90 | 9.70 |
| Uzbekistan | 104 | 32.70 | 9.60 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 104 | 32.70 | 13.90 |
| Paraguay | 106 | 30.50 | 7.00 |
| Cabo Verde | 107 | 30.30 | 7.90 |
| Georgia | 108 | 29.20 | 7.40 |
| Bolivia | 109 | 28.40 | 6.10 |
| Sri Lanka | 110 | 27.30 | 5.60 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 111 | 26.80 | 8.60 |
| Djibouti | 112 | 25.00 | 5.40 |
| Viet Nam | 113 | 24.90 | 6.00 |
| Tonga | 114 | 24.30 | 4.40 |
| Nicaragua | 115 | 24.10 | 4.60 |
| Indonesia | 116 | 23.40 | 6.20 |
| Mongolia | 117 | 22.80 | 8.80 |
| Fiji | 118 | 22.60 | 5.70 |
| Guatemala | 119 | 21.70 | 5.60 |
| Botswana | 120 | 20.80 | 5.10 |
| Tajikistan | 121 | 20.60 | 6.30 |
| Namibia | 122 | 20.40 | 6.00 |
| Mauritania | 123 | 19.80 | 6.10 |
| Sudan | 123 | 19.80 | 8.50 |
| Philippines | 125 | 19.70 | 4.90 |
| Honduras | 126 | 19.50 | 2.20 |
| Bhutan | 127 | 18.70 | 5.20 |
| Republic of Congo | 127 | 18.70 | 6.80 |
| India | 129 | 18.60 | 7.10 |
| Angola | 130 | 17.90 | 8.90 |
| Ghana | 131 | 17.80 | 6.10 |
| Micronesia | 132 | 17.40 | 4.50 |
| Marshall Islands | 133 | 17.00 | 4.00 |
| Bangladesh | 134 | 16.10 | 7.30 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 134 | 16.10 | 5.10 |
| Eswatini | 136 | 15.60 | 6.10 |
| Cameroon | 137 | 14.80 | 5.00 |
| Samoa | 138 | 14.50 | 2.90 |
| Nepal | 139 | 14.20 | 5.40 |
| Kenya | 140 | 14.00 | 3.40 |
| Pakistan | 141 | 13.00 | 5.00 |
| Zambia | 142 | 12.60 | 4.80 |
| Myanmar | 143 | 12.50 | 5.20 |
| Senegal | 144 | 12.40 | 2.70 |
| Rwanda | 145 | 11.90 | 3.30 |
| Nigeria | 146 | 11.80 | 4.40 |
| Comoros | 147 | 11.70 | 3.30 |
| Timor-Leste | 147 | 11.70 | 1.70 |
| Liberia | 149 | 11.60 | 3.20 |
| Uganda | 150 | 11.40 | 2.90 |
| Cambodia | 150 | 11.40 | 4.00 |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 152 | 10.80 | 4.30 |
| Togo | 152 | 10.80 | 3.50 |
| Tanzania | 154 | 10.70 | 2.70 |
| Ethiopia | 154 | 10.70 | 4.70 |
| Gambia | 156 | 10.60 | 2.40 |
| Eritrea | 157 | 10.50 | 3.50 |
| Zimbabwe | 158 | 10.40 | 2.50 |
| Lesotho | 159 | 10.20 | 3.40 |
| Dem. Rep. Congo | 160 | 9.90 | 4.40 |
| Malawi | 161 | 9.50 | 3.00 |
| Laos | 161 | 9.50 | 4.50 |
| Benin | 163 | 9.10 | 2.90 |
| Haiti | 164 | 8.00 | 1.90 |
| Burundi | 165 | 7.60 | 2.30 |
| Madagascar | 165 | 7.60 | 2.60 |
| Afghanistan | 167 | 7.40 | 5.20 |
| Mozambique | 168 | 7.20 | 2.20 |
| Sierra Leone | 168 | 7.20 | 3.70 |
| Mali | 170 | 6.90 | 1.80 |
| Kiribati | 171 | 6.70 | 2.70 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 172 | 6.60 | 3.20 |
| Burkina Faso | 173 | 6.30 | 0.80 |
| Guinea | 173 | 6.30 | 2.30 |
| Vanuatu | 175 | 6.10 | 1.00 |
| Niger | 176 | 5.60 | 1.40 |
| Chad | 177 | 5.50 | 2.70 |
| Papua New Guinea | 178 | 5.00 | 1.80 |
| Central African Republic | 179 | 3.00 | 1.90 |
| Solomon Islands | 180 | NA | NA |