Our greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity growth rate indicator serves as a signal of countries’ progress in decoupling emissions from economic growth. We calculate an annual average growth rate in GHG emissions per unit of GDP over the years 2010–2019. This indicator highlights the need for action on climate change mitigation in countries at all income levels. A score of 100 indicates that a country is successfully decoupling, with decreasing GHG intensity (≤5th-percentile of all growth rates), and a score of 0 indicates increasing GHG intensity (≥95th-percentile). Emission data come from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK).
Greenhouse gas intensity growth rate
| Country | Rank | EPI Score | 10-Year Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Botswana | 1 | 100.00 | 11.10 |
| Ireland | 1 | 100.00 | 23.00 |
| Malta | 1 | 100.00 | 65.20 |
| Namibia | 4 | 99.60 | 46.00 |
| Ethiopia | 5 | 95.30 | 25.10 |
| Uzbekistan | 6 | 93.80 | -4.70 |
| China | 7 | 89.90 | 41.70 |
| Denmark | 8 | 88.60 | 29.00 |
| United Kingdom | 9 | 84.70 | 16.90 |
| Turkmenistan | 10 | 83.70 | 10.90 |
| Sweden | 11 | 83.40 | 25.70 |
| Romania | 12 | 82.40 | -13.90 |
| Luxembourg | 13 | 82.00 | 43.00 |
| Ukraine | 14 | 81.30 | -18.70 |
| Gabon | 15 | 81.20 | -4.30 |
| Djibouti | 16 | 80.80 | 26.00 |
| North Macedonia | 17 | 77.80 | -16.80 |
| Singapore | 17 | 77.80 | 14.90 |
| Afghanistan | 19 | 77.50 | 36.00 |
| Rwanda | 20 | 74.30 | 6.90 |
| Panama | 21 | 73.30 | 0.60 |
| Cuba | 22 | 72.10 | -21.10 |
| Estonia | 22 | 72.10 | -2.30 |
| Australia | 24 | 71.50 | 5.70 |
| Finland | 25 | 70.50 | 17.10 |
| Tanzania | 26 | 70.40 | 4.70 |
| Slovenia | 27 | 70.20 | 10.90 |
| Bangladesh | 28 | 69.70 | 9.20 |
| Czech Republic | 29 | 68.40 | -11.60 |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 30 | 66.50 | 34.40 |
| Iceland | 31 | 66.20 | 19.60 |
| Dominican Republic | 32 | 66.10 | -3.50 |
| Slovakia | 33 | 66.00 | -29.30 |
| India | 34 | 65.90 | 5.40 |
| Latvia | 35 | 65.60 | -3.90 |
| Switzerland | 35 | 65.60 | 15.00 |
| Eswatini | 37 | 64.60 | -11.40 |
| Poland | 38 | 64.30 | -11.40 |
| Zimbabwe | 39 | 63.70 | 63.70 |
| Bulgaria | 40 | 63.20 | -24.30 |
| Kenya | 41 | 62.80 | 44.00 |
| Myanmar | 42 | 61.50 | -38.50 |
| Dem. Rep. Congo | 43 | 61.30 | 10.60 |
| United States of America | 44 | 61.20 | 6.00 |
| Cambodia | 45 | 61.00 | -25.00 |
| Burkina Faso | 46 | 60.90 | 17.90 |
| Barbados | 46 | 60.90 | 38.60 |
| Germany | 48 | 60.80 | 4.90 |
| Mexico | 48 | 60.80 | 40.90 |
| Netherlands | 50 | 60.70 | 4.60 |
| Senegal | 50 | 60.70 | 5.80 |
| Hungary | 52 | 60.40 | -9.40 |
| Kazakhstan | 52 | 60.40 | 10.50 |
| Solomon Islands | 54 | 60.20 | 26.50 |
| Thailand | 55 | 60.00 | 14.20 |
| Israel | 56 | 59.70 | 8.80 |
| Guinea | 56 | 59.70 | 37.10 |
| Madagascar | 58 | 59.00 | 9.10 |
| New Zealand | 59 | 58.90 | -5.00 |
| Grenada | 60 | 58.70 | 24.80 |
| Croatia | 61 | 58.00 | 6.90 |
| Malaysia | 61 | 58.00 | 25.40 |
| France | 63 | 57.40 | 5.90 |
| Tunisia | 64 | 57.20 | 4.50 |
| Cameroon | 65 | 56.90 | -15.90 |
| Lithuania | 66 | 56.20 | -15.90 |
| Togo | 67 | 56.00 | 45.90 |
| United Arab Emirates | 68 | 54.70 | 19.60 |
| Austria | 69 | 54.10 | 14.40 |
| Italy | 70 | 54.00 | 9.10 |
| Zambia | 71 | 53.80 | -34.00 |
| Spain | 72 | 53.60 | 1.00 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 73 | 53.50 | 13.00 |
| Bahrain | 74 | 53.40 | 2.70 |
| Uganda | 75 | 53.30 | -2.30 |
| Indonesia | 76 | 53.20 | 4.50 |
| Philippines | 77 | 52.80 | -17.70 |
| Nigeria | 78 | 52.50 | -47.50 |
| Georgia | 78 | 52.50 | -22.20 |
| Belgium | 80 | 52.30 | -9.70 |
| Moldova | 81 | 52.20 | -26.00 |
| Bahamas | 82 | 51.60 | 8.30 |
| Turkey | 83 | 51.10 | 4.30 |
| Paraguay | 84 | 50.90 | 7.50 |
| Ecuador | 85 | 50.70 | 5.90 |
| Sudan | 86 | 50.10 | -30.60 |
| South Korea | 87 | 49.90 | -17.80 |
| El Salvador | 87 | 49.90 | 14.20 |
| Egypt | 87 | 49.90 | 17.20 |
| South Africa | 90 | 49.70 | 7.40 |
| Albania | 91 | 49.60 | -34.50 |
| Colombia | 92 | 49.40 | -9.90 |
| Mauritius | 93 | 49.20 | 7.70 |
| Bolivia | 94 | 49.10 | 32.80 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 95 | 48.70 | 12.70 |
| Taiwan | 96 | 48.00 | -10.00 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 96 | 48.00 | 8.00 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 98 | 47.70 | 12.60 |
| Peru | 99 | 47.50 | -14.80 |
| Chile | 99 | 47.50 | -9.60 |
| Norway | 101 | 47.10 | 12.50 |
| Seychelles | 102 | 47.00 | 0.10 |
| Lesotho | 103 | 46.90 | -9.00 |
| Cyprus | 104 | 46.60 | -4.80 |
| Japan | 105 | 46.50 | 4.40 |
| Jordan | 106 | 46.40 | -12.00 |
| Saudi Arabia | 107 | 46.10 | 24.70 |
| Viet Nam | 108 | 45.90 | 1.50 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 109 | 45.40 | 21.60 |
| Angola | 110 | 45.20 | -54.80 |
| Bhutan | 111 | 44.40 | -53.70 |
| Greece | 112 | 43.80 | -19.70 |
| Costa Rica | 113 | 43.20 | -12.00 |
| Gambia | 113 | 43.20 | 33.50 |
| Honduras | 115 | 43.10 | 6.90 |
| Morocco | 116 | 43.00 | 0.30 |
| Uruguay | 117 | 42.70 | 8.30 |
| Niger | 118 | 42.50 | 8.20 |
| Vanuatu | 119 | 41.80 | 5.10 |
| Serbia | 120 | 41.20 | -23.70 |
| Nepal | 120 | 41.20 | -13.70 |
| Ghana | 122 | 40.90 | -30.60 |
| Sierra Leone | 122 | 40.90 | 7.90 |
| Armenia | 124 | 40.00 | -44.20 |
| Benin | 124 | 40.00 | 11.10 |
| Nicaragua | 126 | 39.60 | -9.60 |
| Sri Lanka | 127 | 39.10 | -28.30 |
| Jamaica | 128 | 38.70 | -20.20 |
| Mali | 129 | 38.30 | -9.30 |
| Guyana | 130 | 38.00 | -13.80 |
| Qatar | 131 | 37.90 | -62.10 |
| Canada | 132 | 37.80 | -26.20 |
| Saint Lucia | 133 | 37.60 | -33.90 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 134 | 37.50 | -5.10 |
| Mauritania | 135 | 37.20 | -31.50 |
| Cabo Verde | 136 | 36.40 | -0.80 |
| Russia | 137 | 35.00 | -49.20 |
| Mozambique | 138 | 34.80 | -46.90 |
| Pakistan | 139 | 34.10 | -7.90 |
| Fiji | 140 | 34.00 | -15.10 |
| Montenegro | 141 | 33.70 | -25.10 |
| Tajikistan | 142 | 33.10 | -42.50 |
| Eritrea | 143 | 31.40 | 11.20 |
| Maldives | 144 | 31.00 | 19.70 |
| Timor-Leste | 145 | 30.10 | 30.10 |
| Belarus | 146 | 29.30 | -67.50 |
| Argentina | 147 | 29.20 | -23.00 |
| Oman | 147 | 29.20 | 25.20 |
| Dominica | 149 | 29.10 | 0.10 |
| Kuwait | 150 | 28.60 | -30.40 |
| Guatemala | 151 | 28.00 | -14.00 |
| Kiribati | 152 | 27.80 | 27.80 |
| Mongolia | 153 | 27.60 | -33.50 |
| Haiti | 154 | 26.80 | 26.80 |
| Lebanon | 155 | 25.10 | -46.60 |
| Comoros | 156 | 24.90 | -8.80 |
| Brazil | 157 | 24.40 | -26.50 |
| Belize | 158 | 23.50 | -33.20 |
| Malawi | 159 | 23.30 | -18.00 |
| Algeria | 160 | 23.10 | -31.30 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 161 | 22.80 | -2.70 |
| Azerbaijan | 162 | 22.20 | -77.80 |
| Suriname | 163 | 20.50 | -67.00 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 164 | 18.30 | -81.70 |
| Republic of Congo | 165 | 16.70 | -35.40 |
| Portugal | 166 | 15.40 | -31.80 |
| Tonga | 167 | 15.10 | -4.70 |
| Brunei Darussalam | 168 | 15.00 | 15.00 |
| Marshall Islands | 169 | 14.90 | 9.50 |
| Liberia | 170 | 10.20 | 10.20 |
| Iraq | 171 | 9.70 | -39.10 |
| Iran | 171 | 9.70 | -24.40 |
| Burundi | 173 | 6.30 | -24.40 |
| Samoa | 174 | 6.00 | -46.80 |
| Central African Republic | 175 | 5.10 | -56.60 |
| Chad | 176 | NA | -99.60 |
| Venezuela | 176 | NA | -88.30 |
| Laos | 176 | NA | -67.40 |
| Micronesia | 176 | NA | -33.90 |
| Papua New Guinea | 176 | NA | -18.70 |