The Biodiversity and Habitat issue category assesses countries’ actions toward retaining natural ecosystems and protecting the full range of biodiversity within their borders. It consists of seven indicators: terrestrial biome protection (weighted for the national and global rarity of biomes), marine protected areas, Protected Areas Representativeness Index, Species Habitat Index, Species Protection Index, and Biodiversity Habitat Index.
Biodiversity & Habitat
| Country | Rank | EPI Score | 10-Year Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Belize | 1 | 91.90 | 4.30 |
| Zambia | 2 | 91.00 | 2.60 |
| Botswana | 3 | 89.30 | 2.40 |
| Germany | 4 | 88.50 | 2.50 |
| Poland | 5 | 87.30 | 1.80 |
| France | 6 | 86.50 | 4.40 |
| Estonia | 7 | 86.00 | 4.00 |
| Austria | 7 | 86.00 | 4.10 |
| Spain | 9 | 85.80 | 14.20 |
| Gabon | 10 | 85.10 | 24.60 |
| Luxembourg | 11 | 84.80 | 4.30 |
| Slovenia | 12 | 84.50 | 3.90 |
| Lithuania | 13 | 84.40 | 2.50 |
| Latvia | 14 | 84.30 | 6.60 |
| Panama | 15 | 83.70 | 23.50 |
| Zimbabwe | 15 | 83.70 | 3.10 |
| Czech Republic | 17 | 83.30 | 2.20 |
| Slovakia | 18 | 82.70 | 2.80 |
| Bolivia | 19 | 82.60 | 3.80 |
| Belgium | 20 | 82.40 | 25.90 |
| Malawi | 20 | 82.40 | 3.00 |
| Australia | 22 | 82.10 | 31.30 |
| United Kingdom | 23 | 81.50 | 23.40 |
| Croatia | 23 | 81.50 | 44.70 |
| Romania | 25 | 81.10 | 9.10 |
| Japan | 26 | 80.80 | 7.40 |
| Dominican Republic | 27 | 80.70 | 4.20 |
| Bahamas | 28 | 80.40 | 45.50 |
| United Arab Emirates | 29 | 80.30 | 47.00 |
| Central African Republic | 30 | 80.20 | 2.60 |
| Netherlands | 31 | 80.10 | 6.60 |
| Bhutan | 32 | 79.60 | 1.30 |
| Burkina Faso | 33 | 78.50 | 5.30 |
| Cyprus | 34 | 78.30 | 11.00 |
| Brazil | 35 | 78.20 | 22.50 |
| Hungary | 36 | 78.00 | 7.80 |
| Colombia | 37 | 77.40 | 9.50 |
| Niger | 38 | 77.10 | 30.80 |
| Denmark | 39 | 76.90 | 3.10 |
| New Zealand | 40 | 76.60 | -2.10 |
| Italy | 41 | 76.50 | 9.70 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 42 | 76.20 | 16.50 |
| Seychelles | 43 | 76.10 | 36.70 |
| Uganda | 44 | 75.80 | 0.20 |
| Ecuador | 45 | 75.20 | 6.10 |
| Bulgaria | 46 | 75.10 | 9.40 |
| Laos | 47 | 74.90 | 14.00 |
| Namibia | 48 | 73.90 | 4.00 |
| Armenia | 49 | 73.30 | 0.20 |
| Malta | 50 | 72.90 | 13.00 |
| Kiribati | 51 | 72.60 | NA |
| Venezuela | 52 | 71.50 | 1.70 |
| Norway | 53 | 71.20 | 9.70 |
| Finland | 54 | 71.10 | 13.70 |
| Portugal | 55 | 70.50 | 4.90 |
| Tanzania | 56 | 70.10 | 4.80 |
| Mexico | 57 | 69.80 | 23.40 |
| Greece | 58 | 69.10 | 3.50 |
| Sweden | 59 | 68.80 | 16.50 |
| Dem. Rep. Congo | 60 | 68.60 | 6.10 |
| Costa Rica | 61 | 68.50 | 6.00 |
| Mongolia | 62 | 67.70 | 6.60 |
| Republic of Congo | 63 | 67.50 | 12.60 |
| Belarus | 64 | 66.90 | 5.80 |
| Cambodia | 65 | 65.80 | 22.90 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 66 | 65.30 | 3.80 |
| Mozambique | 67 | 65.20 | 4.20 |
| Senegal | 68 | 65.10 | 4.90 |
| Paraguay | 69 | 64.30 | 2.20 |
| Albania | 70 | 63.90 | 14.50 |
| Benin | 71 | 63.60 | 3.30 |
| Canada | 72 | 62.90 | 19.10 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 73 | 62.50 | -0.10 |
| Switzerland | 73 | 62.50 | 15.70 |
| Chad | 75 | 62.40 | 2.60 |
| Ukraine | 76 | 61.70 | 2.90 |
| Chile | 77 | 61.30 | 24.50 |
| South Korea | 78 | 61.00 | 10.50 |
| Honduras | 79 | 60.70 | 11.50 |
| Guinea | 80 | 60.60 | 5.90 |
| United States of America | 80 | 60.60 | 1.10 |
| Nicaragua | 82 | 60.10 | 1.00 |
| Kuwait | 83 | 60.00 | 42.80 |
| Ireland | 84 | 59.60 | 7.80 |
| Suriname | 85 | 59.50 | 5.40 |
| Ethiopia | 86 | 59.20 | 12.10 |
| Togo | 86 | 59.20 | 2.50 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 88 | 59.10 | 1.50 |
| Brunei Darussalam | 89 | 58.50 | 2.30 |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 90 | 58.20 | -1.20 |
| Taiwan | 91 | 58.00 | 1.30 |
| North Macedonia | 92 | 57.90 | 7.40 |
| Tajikistan | 93 | 57.60 | 0.60 |
| Sri Lanka | 94 | 57.50 | 5.60 |
| Iceland | 95 | 57.00 | 5.30 |
| Timor-Leste | 96 | 54.90 | 9.60 |
| South Africa | 97 | 54.70 | 26.40 |
| Dominica | 98 | 54.50 | 1.60 |
| Peru | 98 | 54.50 | 3.70 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 100 | 54.20 | 2.40 |
| Philippines | 100 | 54.20 | 13.70 |
| Comoros | 102 | 53.90 | 21.50 |
| Jamaica | 103 | 53.20 | -0.10 |
| Ghana | 104 | 52.90 | 1.30 |
| Montenegro | 105 | 52.60 | 14.30 |
| Malaysia | 106 | 51.90 | 16.40 |
| Thailand | 107 | 51.40 | 8.80 |
| Indonesia | 108 | 51.20 | 2.90 |
| Sierra Leone | 108 | 51.20 | 26.60 |
| Nepal | 110 | 51.10 | 4.70 |
| Qatar | 111 | 50.10 | 5.50 |
| Moldova | 112 | 49.80 | 3.60 |
| Kazakhstan | 113 | 48.60 | 4.40 |
| Rwanda | 114 | 47.60 | 0.70 |
| Mali | 115 | 46.90 | 3.20 |
| Serbia | 116 | 46.70 | 11.10 |
| Kenya | 117 | 46.40 | 3.20 |
| Azerbaijan | 118 | 46.20 | 0.70 |
| Cuba | 119 | 46.10 | 10.40 |
| Guyana | 119 | 46.10 | 16.80 |
| Nigeria | 121 | 45.70 | 2.50 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 122 | 45.60 | 2.80 |
| Russia | 123 | 44.40 | 3.60 |
| Egypt | 124 | 42.50 | 2.40 |
| Argentina | 125 | 42.40 | 10.10 |
| Burundi | 126 | 42.30 | 6.60 |
| Gambia | 127 | 42.20 | 15.80 |
| Cameroon | 128 | 42.00 | 11.90 |
| Guatemala | 129 | 41.30 | -0.60 |
| Georgia | 130 | 40.40 | 9.60 |
| Israel | 131 | 39.70 | 3.00 |
| Bangladesh | 132 | 37.40 | 3.70 |
| Pakistan | 132 | 37.40 | NA |
| Sudan | 134 | 37.00 | -16.40 |
| Saint Lucia | 135 | 36.70 | 1.90 |
| Haiti | 136 | 35.40 | 20.90 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 137 | 34.10 | 6.40 |
| Uzbekistan | 138 | 33.80 | 6.60 |
| Tonga | 139 | 31.90 | 0.90 |
| El Salvador | 140 | 31.40 | 8.00 |
| Madagascar | 141 | 31.00 | 4.60 |
| Afghanistan | 142 | 30.70 | 21.70 |
| Angola | 143 | 30.10 | 0.40 |
| Saudi Arabia | 144 | 29.30 | 1.60 |
| Grenada | 145 | 29.00 | 2.50 |
| Eswatini | 146 | 28.70 | 2.80 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 147 | 28.50 | 2.70 |
| Iraq | 148 | 28.30 | 12.30 |
| Viet Nam | 149 | 27.90 | 6.20 |
| Iran | 150 | 27.30 | 0.70 |
| Samoa | 151 | 26.90 | 0.30 |
| Liberia | 152 | 26.80 | 0.80 |
| Tunisia | 153 | 26.40 | 6.50 |
| Singapore | 154 | 25.30 | 0.60 |
| Jordan | 155 | 24.10 | 10.30 |
| Turkmenistan | 156 | 22.90 | 0.60 |
| Algeria | 157 | 22.70 | 0.40 |
| Myanmar | 158 | 21.80 | 5.20 |
| Oman | 159 | 20.20 | 4.80 |
| Vanuatu | 160 | 20.00 | NA |
| Mauritius | 161 | 18.00 | 1.20 |
| Uruguay | 162 | 17.80 | 3.70 |
| Morocco | 163 | 16.60 | -0.40 |
| Fiji | 164 | 16.40 | -0.20 |
| Papua New Guinea | 165 | 16.30 | NA |
| Bahrain | 166 | 15.30 | 0.20 |
| Lesotho | 167 | 13.70 | 3.60 |
| Barbados | 168 | 13.60 | 1.60 |
| Lebanon | 169 | 12.80 | 1.30 |
| Cabo Verde | 170 | 12.10 | 0.80 |
| Maldives | 171 | 11.30 | 5.80 |
| Djibouti | 172 | 10.80 | 4.10 |
| Mauritania | 173 | 10.70 | 0.50 |
| China | 174 | 9.40 | -1.40 |
| Eritrea | 175 | 8.80 | 0.70 |
| Solomon Islands | 176 | 8.30 | -1.20 |
| Marshall Islands | 177 | 8.00 | 2.00 |
| Turkey | 178 | 7.50 | 0.10 |
| India | 179 | 5.80 | -0.50 |
| Micronesia | 180 | 3.60 | 0.40 |