Global West

Table of EPI results for Environmental Performance Index
Country	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Australia	25	59.4	5.97	17	64.74
Austria	10	66.8	3.87	9	64.74
Belgium	23	60.08	5.69	16	64.74
Canada	29	57.78	3.54	21	64.74
Denmark	11	66.57	3.25	10	64.74
Finland	4	71.04	5.05	3	64.74
France	7	69.82	6.58	6	64.74
Germany	6	69.93	8.47	5	64.74
Iceland	28	58.37	5.37	20	64.74
Ireland	20	62.01	3.91	14	64.74
Italy	22	61.56	6.81	15	64.74
Luxembourg	2	74.24	10.2	1	64.74
Malta	26	59.09	7.28	18	64.74
Netherlands	5	70.49	11.17	4	64.74
New Zealand	32	55.45	2.92	22	64.74
Norway	8	69.24	6.82	7	64.74
Portugal	18	62.74	6.26	13	64.74
Spain	12	66.28	3.78	11	64.74
Sweden	9	69.2	3.49	8	64.74
Switzerland	15	64.06	4.61	12	64.74
United Kingdom	3	71.51	5.12	2	64.74
United States	27	58.54	1.0	19	64.74
Environmental Performance Index 2026	EPI Measurement	Environmental Performance Index

CountryAustralia

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])1640.08

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])60286.26

POP (Population [millions])27.2

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])7692060

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Table of EPI results for Australia
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	25	59.40	5.97	17	64.74
Environmental Health	12	87.76	3.04	12	86.90
Air Quality	6	88.93	-0.09	6	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	7	88.78	-5.98	5	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	30	97.41	5.64	15	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	22	71.06	-7.23	3	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	164	16.85	4.16	20	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	11	82.52	2.54	2	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	108	41.68	7.41	21	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	119	18.13	2.32	22	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	31	79.22	5.98	22	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	36	82.34	6.83	22	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	31	77.14	5.41	22	93.02
Heavy Metals	12	90.48	12.69	7	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	12	90.48	12.69	7	86.21
Waste Management	30	99.78		11	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	30	99.78		11	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	30	54.78	6.64	11	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	51	53.14	13.73	10	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection	14	50.59	23.04	6	50.06
Marine KBA Protection	37	61.68	20.77	10	62.14
MPA Effectiveness	58	29.37	29.37	6	20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	59	72.69	21.46	12	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	95	59.11	13.10	16	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	59	33.98	9.45	11	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	41	33.53	9.95	3	20.63
Species Protection Index	63	65.50		12	65.43
Species Habitat Index	88	46.79		13	62.49
Red List Index	97	50.32	-9.56	16	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	50	55.67	-0.21	5	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	54	52.42	-0.36	6	33.50
Fisheries	82	49.10	-1.64	6	45.11
Fish Catch Discarded	79	44.52	3.56	10	47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean	78	53.66	6.74	4	44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic	73	50.42	6.83	4	40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index	80	47.81	-23.68	13	48.36
Forests	155	2.18	-11.03	19	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	151	3.35	-10.48	19	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	142	0.00	-12.06	18	8.61
Grasslands	13	89.26	-3.36	6	66.52
Grassland conversion	11	94.76	-5.24	5	65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs	26	82.54	-1.05	7	68.26
Air Pollution	58	65.60	6.62	21	86.69
NOx emission trend	55	70.43	5.63	21	90.45
SO2 emission trend	69	60.77	7.60	20	82.94
Agriculture	84	52.10	-1.03	9	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	51	53.69	-0.34	8	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	98	54.74	-2.62	8	45.91
Relative Crop Yield	56	8.06	2.12	11	46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	95	58.97	1.45	15	60.77
Water Resources	18	95.77		9	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	18	95.77		9	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	71	42.70	7.41	22	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	71	42.70	7.41	22	62.88
CO2 emission trend	36	54.98	6.29	19	63.55
CH4 emission trend	69	49.59	1.04	16	55.17
N2O emission trend	122	29.34	-1.14	22	67.02
F-gas emission trend	47	37.92	11.22	22	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	114	48.46	8.19	22	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	150	18.26	7.79	22	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	58	46.57	8.07	22	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	46	43.01	15.91	20	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	71	43.28	19.91	12	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			Australia

CountryAustria

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])585.45

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])63784.6

POP (Population [millions])9.18

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])82520

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Table of EPI results for Austria
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	10	66.80	3.87	9	64.74
Environmental Health	21	79.00	10.58	20	86.90
Air Quality	23	72.78	12.95	20	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	28	65.21	22.65	18	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	45	85.38	5.52	22	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	103	39.25	-0.43	20	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	96	49.28	15.47	4	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	93	55.95	3.43	21	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	64	61.12	6.19	11	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	49	49.86	-3.29	16	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	22	90.07	6.52	20	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	28	87.40	7.09	19	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	17	91.84	6.13	16	93.02
Heavy Metals	24	82.25	10.01	16	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	24	82.25	10.01	16	86.21
Waste Management	32	99.54		12	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	32	99.54		12	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	10	62.10	0.07	3	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	22	61.80	1.28	4	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection					50.06
Marine KBA Protection					62.14
MPA Effectiveness					20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	34	87.35	1.25	6	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	65	70.85	0.23	11	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	20	48.29	4.48	2	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	56	28.71	2.18	5	20.63
Species Protection Index	20	84.58		5	65.43
Species Habitat Index	102	36.36		18	62.49
Red List Index	41	82.41	-4.79	12	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	123	30.47	-0.49	11	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	130	20.68	-0.60	13	33.50
Fisheries					45.11
Fish Catch Discarded					47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean					44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic					40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index					48.36
Forests	102	12.25	-5.41	7	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	91	13.47	-6.08	6	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	105	10.00	-4.15	10	8.61
Grasslands	52	69.83	-5.02	8	66.52
Grassland conversion	57	65.78	-5.36	8	65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs	43	74.77	-4.63	8	68.26
Air Pollution	19	91.63	1.59	9	86.69
NOx emission trend	1	100.00	17.51	1	90.45
SO2 emission trend	41	83.25	-14.34	12	82.94
Agriculture	64	56.79	4.88	6	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	16	68.51	5.62	3	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	126	46.33	5.70	11	45.91
Relative Crop Yield	53	8.51	-0.55	10	46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	61	71.56	-3.69	6	60.77
Water Resources	17	95.82		8	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	17	95.82		8	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	17	63.70	3.99	13	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	17	63.70	3.99	13	62.88
CO2 emission trend	19	62.22	0.20	14	63.55
CH4 emission trend	29	60.69	-2.48	9	55.17
N2O emission trend	30	69.82	18.67	13	67.02
F-gas emission trend	10	70.40	25.38	9	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	23	98.49	4.27	14	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	28	47.13	4.18	13	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	17	68.96	7.86	14	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	18	76.34	-10.03	11	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	1	100.00	0.00	1	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			Austria

CountryBelgium

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])751.22

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])63250.53

POP (Population [millions])11.88

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])30494

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Table of EPI results for Belgium
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	23	60.08	5.69	16	64.74
Environmental Health	13	84.60	13.38	13	86.90
Air Quality	14	81.70	17.53	14	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	17	73.81	30.90	13	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	33	95.70	6.38	17	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	81	44.61	2.28	15	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	108	45.04	27.01	7	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	75	58.98	6.92	16	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	75	56.22	11.55	12	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	30	66.18	1.98	9	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	21	90.52	4.53	19	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	20	91.67	5.52	16	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	20	89.76	3.87	18	93.02
Heavy Metals	22	83.76	13.01	14	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	22	83.76	13.01	14	86.21
Waste Management	40	98.14		16	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	40	98.14		16	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	74	45.72	4.76	19	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	90	43.13	8.12	17	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection					50.06
Marine KBA Protection	56	36.36	0.00	16	62.14
MPA Effectiveness	90	4.07	-4.06	12	20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	94	54.51	26.15	14	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	108	49.54	22.53	17	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	47	37.26	5.18	8	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	142	9.09	4.85	21	20.63
Species Protection Index	15	89.68		4	65.43
Species Habitat Index	119	18.23		20	62.49
Red List Index	28	88.27	-1.06	8	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	165	16.29	-0.18	21	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	171	0.00	0.00	21	33.50
Fisheries	133	16.75	3.80	19	45.11
Fish Catch Discarded	124	10.44	-0.13	19	47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean	131	3.83	3.83	19	44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic	132	0.00	0.00	19	40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index	49	52.72	11.50	6	48.36
Forests	133	6.60	-1.26	15	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	116	9.92	-1.28	12	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	140	0.43	-1.24	17	8.61
Grasslands					66.52
Grassland conversion					65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs					68.26
Air Pollution	10	97.16	-2.84	4	86.69
NOx emission trend	1	100.00	0.00	1	90.45
SO2 emission trend	29	94.32	-5.68	8	82.94
Agriculture	142	38.96	0.80	17	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	85	43.98	0.06	14	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	161	29.85	1.87	19	45.91
Relative Crop Yield					46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	85	61.63	-0.50	11	60.77
Water Resources	30	85.37		13	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	30	85.37		13	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	22	61.17	0.67	16	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	22	61.17	0.67	16	62.88
CO2 emission trend	16	62.60	-4.59	11	63.55
CH4 emission trend	28	60.74	-0.13	8	55.17
N2O emission trend	24	74.55	43.77	9	67.02
F-gas emission trend	8	73.74	36.70	7	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	1	100.00	0.00	1	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	38	44.97	1.22	14	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	23	63.07	-1.03	17	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	17	77.20	-22.80	10	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	107	26.28	-10.91	16	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			Belgium

CountryCanada

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])2341.35

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])56706.82

POP (Population [millions])41.29

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])8788700

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Table of EPI results for Canada
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	29	57.78	3.54	21	64.74
Environmental Health	9	89.06	5.34	9	86.90
Air Quality	9	87.16	5.06	9	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	9	82.98	10.83	7	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	1	100.00	0.00	1	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	65	51.13	2.22	11	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	165	16.76	6.20	21	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	88	57.65	0.65	19	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	107	41.76	3.35	20	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	41	56.47	-0.88	13	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	19	91.07	5.99	17	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	29	86.74	6.07	20	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	13	93.95	5.93	12	93.02
Heavy Metals	13	90.35	7.37	8	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	13	90.35	7.37	8	86.21
Waste Management	1	100.00		1	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	1	100.00		1	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	66	46.89	1.32	17	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	115	36.41	6.01	21	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection	51	23.92	14.01	14	50.06
Marine KBA Protection	80	13.94	1.65	19	62.14
MPA Effectiveness	54	34.04	34.04	5	20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	119	40.08	9.97	20	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	123	41.13	1.50	19	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	109	25.33	6.69	19	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	116	14.99	4.09	15	20.63
Species Protection Index	33	76.20		7	65.43
Species Habitat Index	98	42.51		16	62.49
Red List Index	26	88.36	-0.70	7	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	3	89.69	-0.38	1	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	1	100.00	0.00	1	33.50
Fisheries	100	41.71	-2.49	14	45.11
Fish Catch Discarded	58	54.72	-2.74	6	47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean	108	34.47	-1.58	14	44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic	104	27.97	-2.43	14	40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index	70	49.66	-3.23	10	48.36
Forests	138	5.35	-5.29	17	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	129	7.78	-4.79	15	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	139	0.84	-6.20	16	8.61
Grasslands	12	90.93	-3.53	5	66.52
Grassland conversion	17	89.67	-4.87	6	65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs	9	92.47	-1.89	4	68.26
Air Pollution	29	86.98	-7.04	14	86.69
NOx emission trend	37	80.62	-13.17	17	90.45
SO2 emission trend	32	93.35	-0.91	10	82.94
Agriculture	52	60.67	-5.64	4	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	33	60.11	4.08	6	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	80	59.84	-18.23	4	45.91
Relative Crop Yield	1	100.00	0.00	1	46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	162	33.57	-7.90	21	60.77
Water Resources	47	68.30		19	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	47	68.30		19	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	45	48.04	5.35	21	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	45	48.04	5.35	21	62.88
CO2 emission trend	39	53.88	2.66	20	63.55
CH4 emission trend	33	58.37	9.05	11	55.17
N2O emission trend	118	32.88	2.81	21	67.02
F-gas emission trend	25	54.58	6.01	18	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	1	100.00	0.00	1	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	133	24.26	7.65	21	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	44	49.90	6.23	21	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	40	47.33	9.91	19	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	54	56.44	1.67	8	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			Canada

CountryDenmark

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])426.94

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])71431.29

POP (Population [millions])5.98

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])40000

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Table of EPI results for Denmark
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	11	66.57	3.25	10	64.74
Environmental Health	6	89.84	10.54	6	86.90
Air Quality	8	87.79	14.23	8	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	11	82.04	24.48	8	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	1	100.00	5.62	1	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	93	41.19	6.40	18	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	118	39.51	21.25	8	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	39	65.27	3.37	7	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	48	67.52	8.16	6	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	22	79.41	2.85	4	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	20	90.64	2.44	18	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	16	93.00	3.50	14	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	22	89.07	1.73	20	93.02
Heavy Metals	10	93.56	10.03	5	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	10	93.56	10.03	5	86.21
Waste Management	1	100.00		1	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	1	100.00		1	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	50	50.73	-0.79	15	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	65	49.59	3.23	13	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection	17	49.93	1.54	7	50.06
Marine KBA Protection	36	62.36	10.06	9	62.14
MPA Effectiveness	84	7.22	7.22	11	20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	101	50.32	0.12	15	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	73	67.65	8.36	14	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	98	27.61	1.98	18	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	148	7.49	0.20	22	20.63
Species Protection Index	11	93.32		3	65.43
Species Habitat Index	60	67.90		10	62.49
Red List Index	16	91.93	0.14	3	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	154	21.01	0.01	17	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	169	1.44	-0.13	20	33.50
Fisheries	84	48.29	1.12	7	45.11
Fish Catch Discarded	39	71.01	1.07	4	47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean	98	41.62	13.23	10	44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic	94	35.78	6.37	10	40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index	93	44.74	-16.20	15	48.36
Forests	104	11.93	1.86	8	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	95	12.82	0.19	8	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	102	10.27	4.96	8	8.61
Grasslands	117	40.61	-7.91	18	66.52
Grassland conversion	121	33.38	-8.92	18	65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs	103	49.46	-6.67	15	68.26
Air Pollution	37	80.94	-19.06	17	86.69
NOx emission trend	23	94.97	-5.03	12	90.45
SO2 emission trend	57	66.92	-33.08	17	82.94
Agriculture	72	54.91	-2.19	7	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	28	64.06	-2.46	5	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	129	43.90	-2.00	13	45.91
Relative Crop Yield	29	35.29	0.66	8	46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	62	71.23	-3.76	7	60.77
Water Resources	9	98.97		4	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	9	98.97		4	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	8	70.92	3.22	6	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	8	70.92	3.22	6	62.88
CO2 emission trend	11	68.28	-7.93	7	63.55
CH4 emission trend	31	59.73	9.08	10	55.17
N2O emission trend	33	68.87	3.42	14	67.02
F-gas emission trend	3	93.51	27.23	2	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	1	100.00	3.34	1	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	17	52.07	0.29	9	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	6	88.79	18.98	5	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	12	88.89	-11.11	8	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	130	15.90	-0.90	19	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			Denmark

CountryFinland

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])315.41

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])55950.88

POP (Population [millions])5.64

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])303960

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Table of EPI results for Finland
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	4	71.04	5.05	3	64.74
Environmental Health	1	96.66	8.13	1	86.90
Air Quality	2	96.92	9.88	2	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	1	100.00	19.57	1	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	1	100.00	0.59	1	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	17	80.13	17.73	2	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	142	31.06	1.98	13	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	41	64.85	2.42	8	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	45	69.14	5.14	5	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	23	76.10	4.88	5	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	1	100.00	3.55	1	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	1	100.00	4.03	1	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	1	100.00	3.23	1	93.02
Heavy Metals	14	90.08	10.02	9	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	14	90.08	10.02	9	86.21
Waste Management	1	100.00		1	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	1	100.00		1	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	16	59.95	1.62	5	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	60	51.11	2.38	12	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection					50.06
Marine KBA Protection	39	59.68	0.15	11	62.14
MPA Effectiveness	52	38.91	9.02	4	20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	113	43.48	8.11	19	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	38	83.93	2.03	5	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	138	21.14	1.94	21	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	112	15.90	1.93	14	20.63
Species Protection Index	39	73.21		10	65.43
Species Habitat Index	45	78.68		7	62.49
Red List Index	9	93.89	0.25	2	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	49	55.71	0.85	4	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	55	51.08	1.06	7	33.50
Fisheries	25	78.13	-11.24	1	45.11
Fish Catch Discarded	10	95.58	-0.68	1	47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean	1	100.00	0.00	1	44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic	35	91.30	-3.01	1	40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index	119	25.63	-41.26	18	48.36
Forests	95	13.33	-3.60	6	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	143	5.75	-4.23	17	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	46	27.40	-2.44	1	8.61
Grasslands	5	99.38	3.62	2	66.52
Grassland conversion	8	98.87	6.58	3	65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs	1	100.00	0.00	1	68.26
Air Pollution	6	99.25	9.22	2	86.69
NOx emission trend	1	100.00	3.23	1	90.45
SO2 emission trend	25	98.51	15.21	5	82.94
Agriculture	115	45.27	-0.98	13	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	101	39.66	-3.21	17	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	107	52.17	1.17	9	45.91
Relative Crop Yield	31	32.53	4.90	9	46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	94	58.98	-1.61	14	60.77
Water Resources	27	89.53		11	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	27	89.53		11	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	14	66.32	7.62	11	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	14	66.32	7.62	11	62.88
CO2 emission trend	2	78.67	15.46	1	63.55
CH4 emission trend	170	8.93	-51.82	22	55.17
N2O emission trend	14	80.68	26.25	5	67.02
F-gas emission trend	7	74.85	24.79	6	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	26	96.73	22.17	16	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	16	52.20	11.43	8	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	18	68.87	7.22	15	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	1	100.00	2.81	1	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	96	30.78	-7.57	15	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			Finland

CountryFrance

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])3756.59

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])54806.4

POP (Population [millions])68.54

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])627596

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Table of EPI results for France
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	7	69.82	6.58	6	64.74
Environmental Health	10	88.72	9.06	10	86.90
Air Quality	12	84.87	12.50	12	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	14	78.31	25.03	11	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	29	97.74	1.59	14	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	50	56.48	0.93	8	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	128	36.87	19.60	9	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	67	59.66	4.66	13	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	58	63.27	11.81	8	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	42	56.13	-1.71	14	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	18	91.26	2.26	16	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	14	93.63	3.34	13	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	21	89.69	1.54	19	93.02
Heavy Metals	5	97.59	7.40	3	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	5	97.59	7.40	3	86.21
Waste Management	39	98.21		15	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	39	98.21		15	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	21	56.86	1.35	8	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	41	55.69	4.25	9	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection	5	72.98	1.50	3	50.06
Marine KBA Protection	55	36.78	0.57	15	62.14
MPA Effectiveness	68	16.67	-1.02	8	20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	37	86.56	13.53	9	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	50	80.15	8.43	7	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	46	37.30	6.33	7	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	58	28.09	6.63	6	20.63
Species Protection Index	40	72.65		11	65.43
Species Habitat Index	59	68.06		9	62.49
Red List Index	98	49.35	-10.53	17	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	166	15.65	-0.41	22	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	157	8.68	-0.26	18	33.50
Fisheries	93	44.09	4.80	11	45.11
Fish Catch Discarded	96	36.15	9.29	14	47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean	90	49.28	8.86	8	44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic	80	46.87	9.72	6	40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index	95	44.08	-8.64	16	48.36
Forests	89	15.21	-2.86	4	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	74	17.90	-1.41	3	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	103	10.21	-5.54	9	8.61
Grasslands	77	58.19	-3.29	11	66.52
Grassland conversion	83	54.87	-2.17	12	65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs	67	62.25	-4.66	10	68.26
Air Pollution	23	90.50	-6.92	11	86.69
NOx emission trend	1	100.00	5.16	1	90.45
SO2 emission trend	44	81.00	-19.00	14	82.94
Agriculture	30	66.05	1.60	3	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	22	65.59	0.93	4	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	72	63.17	2.47	3	45.91
Relative Crop Yield	1	100.00	0.00	1	46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	89	59.85	3.21	13	60.77
Water Resources	29	86.75		12	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	29	86.75		12	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	4	73.50	12.36	3	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	4	73.50	12.36	3	62.88
CO2 emission trend	13	66.26	2.67	9	63.55
CH4 emission trend	23	62.76	8.41	5	55.17
N2O emission trend	10	87.67	25.73	2	67.02
F-gas emission trend	2	94.92	48.38	1	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	1	100.00	0.00	1	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	9	55.85	8.73	5	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	7	87.36	25.32	6	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	11	92.89	6.46	7	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	1	100.00	0.00	1	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			France

CountryGermany

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])5224.34

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])62558.78

POP (Population [millions])83.51

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])349430

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Table of EPI results for Germany
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	6	69.93	8.47	5	64.74
Environmental Health	20	80.67	10.07	19	86.90
Air Quality	22	74.41	12.66	19	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	27	65.49	23.38	17	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	41	87.66	3.60	21	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	91	42.18	-2.85	17	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	74	60.88	26.95	1	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	69	59.38	5.73	15	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	59	62.93	11.30	9	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	36	58.57	-0.66	10	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	13	93.92	7.32	12	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	10	94.75	7.81	9	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	15	93.36	6.98	14	93.02
Heavy Metals	26	81.61	6.79	18	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	26	81.61	6.79	18	86.21
Waste Management	1	100.00		1	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	1	100.00		1	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	11	61.89	1.27	4	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	9	67.72	1.56	1	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection					50.06
Marine KBA Protection	18	84.56	0.28	6	62.14
MPA Effectiveness	97	0.00	0.00	15	20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	1	100.00	0.00	1	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	55	78.26	1.88	9	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	35	40.09	4.20	5	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	42	33.28	4.93	4	20.63
Species Protection Index	4	98.17		2	65.43
Species Habitat Index	90	45.83		14	62.49
Red List Index	22	89.78	-1.13	4	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	151	21.80	-0.25	16	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	152	10.68	-0.24	16	33.50
Fisheries	96	43.50	8.96	12	45.11
Fish Catch Discarded	77	45.42	14.78	9	47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean	89	49.99	12.08	7	44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic	109	25.56	15.65	16	40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index	48	53.02	-6.66	5	48.36
Forests	143	4.85	-14.06	18	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	139	6.27	-13.88	16	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	133	2.22	-14.38	15	8.61
Grasslands	93	48.68	-1.16	15	66.52
Grassland conversion	97	46.26	-1.08	15	65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs	97	51.63	-1.25	14	68.26
Air Pollution	28	87.57	10.16	13	86.69
NOx emission trend	1	100.00	16.38	1	90.45
SO2 emission trend	50	75.13	3.92	15	82.94
Agriculture	23	68.12	9.47	2	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	10	73.60	8.63	2	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	69	64.58	15.78	2	45.91
Relative Crop Yield	26	44.43	-21.79	7	46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	75	65.37	-1.42	9	60.77
Water Resources	8	99.12		3	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	8	99.12		3	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	5	73.04	17.94	4	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	5	73.04	17.94	4	62.88
CO2 emission trend	6	72.66	16.85	4	63.55
CH4 emission trend	13	70.58	3.34	3	55.17
N2O emission trend	7	93.23	31.87	1	67.02
F-gas emission trend	6	75.45	16.68	5	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	38	86.15	-5.48	18	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	8	56.70	21.62	4	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	13	75.81	19.76	12	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	1	100.00	35.98	1	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	1	100.00	12.04	1	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			Germany

CountryIceland

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])26.02

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])64298.31

POP (Population [millions])0.4

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])100830

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Table of EPI results for Iceland
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	28	58.37	5.37	20	64.74
Environmental Health	4	93.46	3.76	4	86.90
Air Quality	1	97.04	2.88	1	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	1	100.00	3.67	1	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	1	100.00	1.54	1	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	51	56.23	4.25	9	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	153	26.17	5.40	18	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	28	71.78	1.85	3	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	13	88.46	13.63	1	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	7	94.14	2.27	1	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	7	96.84	3.38	6	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	5	97.47	4.36	5	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	8	96.41	2.72	7	93.02
Heavy Metals	25	81.85	8.99	17	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	25	81.85	8.99	17	86.21
Waste Management	83	71.81		22	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	83	71.81		22	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	82	44.53	2.85	21	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	111	37.02	0.86	20	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection	42	30.18	0.00	13	50.06
Marine KBA Protection	52	46.01	0.05	14	62.14
MPA Effectiveness	97	0.00	0.00	15	20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	107	47.61	2.53	16	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	133	32.20	0.05	20	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	66	33.61	1.87	14	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	39	34.84	2.09	2	20.63
Species Protection Index	150	17.81		22	65.43
Species Habitat Index	1	100.00		1	62.49
Red List Index	96	52.22	-0.26	15	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	10	80.78	3.47	2	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	1	100.00	0.00	1	33.50
Fisheries	75	50.55	-1.26	4	45.11
Fish Catch Discarded	33	77.15	11.35	3	47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean	92	45.49	-4.03	9	44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic	102	29.98	-10.50	13	40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index	71	49.58	-1.86	11	48.36
Forests					10.21
Tree Cover Loss					11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs					8.61
Grasslands	7	95.30	-0.85	4	66.52
Grassland conversion	1	100.00	0.00	1	65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs	16	89.56	-1.89	6	68.26
Air Pollution	53	68.11	21.54	20	86.69
NOx emission trend	41	78.59	-14.54	19	90.45
SO2 emission trend	76	57.62	57.62	21	82.94
Agriculture	174	15.40	1.78	22	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	177	0.00	0.00	22	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	155	30.73	2.11	17	45.91
Relative Crop Yield					46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	135	46.78	17.01	19	60.77
Water Resources	163	1.63		22	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	163	1.63		22	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	37	49.87	10.48	19	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	37	49.87	10.48	19	62.88
CO2 emission trend	70	48.37	4.79	21	63.55
CH4 emission trend	12	70.63	13.46	2	55.17
N2O emission trend	13	81.27	16.63	4	67.02
F-gas emission trend	23	59.51	32.68	16	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	1	100.00	0.00	1	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	113	29.56	10.53	19	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	41	51.49	8.67	20	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	51	40.88	26.39	21	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change					55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			Iceland

CountryIreland

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])642.3

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])119381.4

POP (Population [millions])5.38

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])68890

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Table of EPI results for Ireland
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	20	62.01	3.91	14	64.74
Environmental Health	8	89.23	8.16	8	86.90
Air Quality	7	88.45	8.95	7	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	12	80.16	12.75	9	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	1	100.00	4.44	1	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	14	86.17	30.01	1	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	95	49.37	10.33	3	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	31	69.51	0.92	5	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	62	61.84	6.28	10	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	19	83.47	3.15	2	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	8	95.60	4.57	7	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	18	91.86	5.77	15	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	5	98.09	3.76	4	93.02
Heavy Metals	27	80.71	12.55	19	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	27	80.71	12.55	19	86.21
Waste Management	35	98.73		14	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	35	98.73		14	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	76	45.33	1.83	20	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	84	44.80	7.47	16	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection	20	46.52	10.93	8	50.06
Marine KBA Protection	59	34.10	3.86	17	62.14
MPA Effectiveness	63	21.70	-1.32	7	20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	108	46.79	20.04	17	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	67	70.06	14.93	12	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	71	32.37	3.95	16	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	133	10.13	5.08	19	20.63
Species Protection Index	36	75.75		8	65.43
Species Habitat Index	1	100.00		1	62.49
Red List Index	54	74.81	0.01	13	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	118	32.68	0.08	10	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	95	34.41	-0.06	9	33.50
Fisheries	92	44.29	-6.84	10	45.11
Fish Catch Discarded	88	40.08	3.78	12	47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean	71	57.06	-3.43	3	44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic	105	27.89	-33.31	15	40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index	50	52.10	5.59	7	48.36
Forests	135	5.70	-3.95	16	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	123	8.77	-4.36	13	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	142	0.00	-3.20	18	8.61
Grasslands	116	41.71	-4.40	17	66.52
Grassland conversion	105	42.14	-2.73	16	65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs	119	41.17	-6.45	18	68.26
Air Pollution	26	89.22	-10.78	12	86.69
NOx emission trend	29	87.54	-12.46	15	90.45
SO2 emission trend	34	90.89	-9.11	11	82.94
Agriculture	114	45.49	-0.46	12	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	66	48.83	-1.18	11	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	160	30.06	0.47	18	45.91
Relative Crop Yield	1	100.00	0.64	1	46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	22	80.93	-1.85	1	60.77
Water Resources	63	50.79		20	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	63	50.79		20	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	15	64.36	3.50	12	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	15	64.36	3.50	12	62.88
CO2 emission trend	21	61.32	-9.79	15	63.55
CH4 emission trend	27	61.58	8.59	7	55.17
N2O emission trend	21	75.36	21.18	8	67.02
F-gas emission trend	5	80.41	25.68	4	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	1	100.00	0.00	1	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	60	39.46	1.30	16	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	8	86.07	23.29	7	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	22	70.70	-27.40	14	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	115	23.47	16.04	17	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			Ireland

CountryItaly

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])3140.12

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])53234.92

POP (Population [millions])58.99

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])295720

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Table of EPI results for Italy
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	22	61.56	6.81	15	64.74
Environmental Health	22	78.04	7.20	21	86.90
Air Quality	29	68.04	7.42	22	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	43	49.49	9.86	22	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	37	91.47	6.08	19	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	105	38.58	-3.42	21	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	102	47.00	13.88	5	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	101	53.77	7.28	22	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	86	50.87	7.76	15	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	64	44.11	-4.34	20	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	5	97.15	5.12	5	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	8	96.61	5.78	8	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	6	97.51	4.68	5	93.02
Heavy Metals	18	88.08	11.42	12	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	18	88.08	11.42	12	86.21
Waste Management	57	91.44		21	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	57	91.44		21	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	44	52.26	3.35	13	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	67	49.10	3.55	14	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection	31	39.99	5.64	11	50.06
Marine KBA Protection	29	70.60	0.99	7	62.14
MPA Effectiveness	97	0.00	0.00	15	20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	60	72.07	13.12	13	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	59	73.62	1.96	10	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	60	33.97	5.47	12	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	105	16.77	3.05	12	20.63
Species Protection Index	85	57.77		16	65.43
Species Habitat Index	34	85.75		5	62.49
Red List Index	146	24.28	-12.64	21	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	160	17.96	-0.65	18	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	143	15.29	-0.39	14	33.50
Fisheries	97	43.32	2.27	13	45.11
Fish Catch Discarded	75	45.60	2.58	8	47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean	113	30.62	5.70	16	44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic	95	34.57	6.74	11	40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index	24	62.50	-5.94	2	48.36
Forests	80	16.89	-7.31	3	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	76	17.75	-6.65	4	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	81	15.28	-8.53	3	8.61
Grasslands	78	57.96	-3.73	12	66.52
Grassland conversion	75	58.62	-3.90	11	65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs	79	57.16	-3.52	11	68.26
Air Pollution	15	96.10	24.18	7	86.69
NOx emission trend	19	97.14	28.57	10	90.45
SO2 emission trend	28	95.05	19.78	7	82.94
Agriculture	101	49.29	-0.52	11	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	91	42.53	-2.53	15	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	117	49.90	2.43	10	45.91
Relative Crop Yield	1	100.00	0.00	1	46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	87	61.23	-4.46	12	60.77
Water Resources	46	70.68		18	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	46	70.68		18	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	20	61.78	11.67	15	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	20	61.78	11.67	15	62.88
CO2 emission trend	23	60.80	9.13	16	63.55
CH4 emission trend	48	54.96	2.88	14	55.17
N2O emission trend	15	80.27	1.08	6	67.02
F-gas emission trend	24	58.91	31.01	17	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	1	100.00	34.74	1	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	26	47.60	8.91	12	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	20	66.80	13.76	16	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	23	69.87	19.03	15	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	1	100.00	0.00	1	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			Italy

CountryLuxembourg

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])86.98

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])128341.63

POP (Population [millions])0.68

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])2574

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Table of EPI results for Luxembourg
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	2	74.24	10.20	1	64.74
Environmental Health	5	92.53	15.74	5	86.90
Air Quality	5	89.07	21.17	5	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	8	85.36	34.98	6	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	1	100.00	10.79	1	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	79	45.06	0.18	14	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	84	58.21	27.25	2	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	84	57.99	5.42	18	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	38	70.48	9.87	4	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	39	57.98	-0.55	12	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	10	95.43	4.08	9	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	7	96.96	5.05	7	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	11	94.41	3.43	10	93.02
Heavy Metals	1	100.00	14.81	1	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	1	100.00	14.81	1	86.21
Waste Management	1	100.00		1	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	1	100.00		1	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	4	64.47	0.77	2	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	10	67.40	1.94	2	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection					50.06
Marine KBA Protection					62.14
MPA Effectiveness					20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	1	100.00	0.00	1	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	34	85.61	0.55	4	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	25	43.15	5.02	3	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	83	21.90	5.38	9	20.63
Species Protection Index	1	100.00		1	65.43
Species Habitat Index					62.49
Red List Index	25	89.08	-1.03	6	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	148	22.60	-0.35	15	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	155	8.73	-0.20	17	33.50
Fisheries					45.11
Fish Catch Discarded					47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean					44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic					40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index					48.36
Forests	124	8.23	-3.26	13	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	110	10.84	-3.27	11	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	132	3.38	-3.23	14	8.61
Grasslands					66.52
Grassland conversion					65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs					68.26
Air Pollution	8	98.26	-0.36	3	86.69
NOx emission trend	1	100.00	0.00	1	90.45
SO2 emission trend	27	96.53	-0.70	6	82.94
Agriculture	128	42.65	-1.13	14	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	68	47.61	-2.39	12	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	144	37.07	0.71	16	45.91
Relative Crop Yield	110	0.02	-0.02	16	46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	25	80.33	-4.30	2	60.77
Water Resources	10	98.82		5	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	10	98.82		5	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	3	73.67	19.75	2	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	3	73.67	19.75	2	62.88
CO2 emission trend	7	72.54	11.54	5	63.55
CH4 emission trend	44	55.42	9.95	13	55.17
N2O emission trend	12	82.97	21.14	3	67.02
F-gas emission trend	9	70.92	27.77	8	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	24	97.14	-2.86	15	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	21	49.71	20.99	11	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	3	99.94	39.53	3	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	1	100.00	16.49	1	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	84	35.49	0.28	13	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			Luxembourg

CountryMalta

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])35.67

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])62100.18

POP (Population [millions])0.57

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])320

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Table of EPI results for Malta
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	26	59.09	7.28	18	64.74
Environmental Health	24	76.02	7.78	22	86.90
Air Quality	24	71.53	8.37	21	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	34	57.63	14.66	21	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	40	89.06	3.33	20	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	90	42.26	0.17	16	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	147	28.53	4.28	15	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	30	69.59	1.20	4	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	90	47.70	9.99	16	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	21	81.12	0.50	3	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	11	95.19	4.24	10	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	13	94.21	5.35	12	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	9	95.83	3.48	8	93.02
Heavy Metals	51	61.55	12.75	22	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	51	61.55	12.75	22	86.21
Waste Management	45	96.62		18	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	45	96.62		18	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	32	54.65	12.22	12	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	34	57.84	16.31	8	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection	12	57.88	1.28	5	50.06
Marine KBA Protection	1	99.21	57.61	1	62.14
MPA Effectiveness	97	0.00	-10.17	15	20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	23	95.28	1.85	3	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	4	99.81	57.24	1	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	82	29.85	5.50	17	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	128	11.27	0.18	18	20.63
Species Protection Index	126	34.63		21	65.43
Species Habitat Index					62.49
Red List Index	116	43.70	-6.12	18	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	164	16.33	-1.40	20	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	171	0.00	0.00	21	33.50
Fisheries	80	49.52	23.31	5	45.11
Fish Catch Discarded	106	29.10	17.13	16	47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean	55	73.23	73.23	2	44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic	51	74.04	24.40	3	40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index	121	21.73	-21.51	19	48.36
Forests					10.21
Tree Cover Loss					11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs					8.61
Grasslands					66.52
Grassland conversion					65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs					68.26
Air Pollution	35	82.27	7.23	16	86.69
NOx emission trend	59	64.53	2.11	22	90.45
SO2 emission trend	1	100.00	12.34	1	82.94
Agriculture	172	17.01	-21.72	21	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	168	8.92	-39.24	21	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	168	24.30	-1.81	21	45.91
Relative Crop Yield					46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	154	39.48	-6.03	20	60.77
Water Resources	147	7.04		21	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	147	7.04		21	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	33	51.65	-0.56	17	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	33	51.65	-0.56	17	62.88
CO2 emission trend	97	39.96	-15.54	22	63.55
CH4 emission trend	105	39.20	-53.68	21	55.17
N2O emission trend	79	45.15	-51.12	19	67.02
F-gas emission trend	19	60.70	60.70	15	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	1	100.00	68.50	1	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	78	35.37	-5.40	17	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	5	92.47	38.49	4	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	95	14.68	-38.00	22	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change					55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			Malta

CountryNetherlands

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])1268.52

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])70495.94

POP (Population [millions])17.99

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])33992

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Table of EPI results for Netherlands
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	5	70.49	11.17	4	64.74
Environmental Health	6	89.84	10.82	6	86.90
Air Quality	13	83.69	15.54	13	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	18	73.52	26.69	14	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	1	100.00	6.27	1	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	77	45.40	0.11	13	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	140	31.26	25.38	11	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	54	62.96	7.22	12	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	55	65.04	12.04	7	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	28	68.80	3.64	8	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	1	100.00	0.00	1	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	1	100.00	0.00	1	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	1	100.00	0.00	1	93.02
Heavy Metals	6	97.47	9.96	4	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	6	97.47	9.96	4	86.21
Waste Management	1	100.00		1	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	1	100.00		1	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	20	57.32	6.73	7	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	23	61.60	14.42	5	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection	1	96.18	0.00	1	50.06
Marine KBA Protection	11	92.63	51.77	4	62.14
MPA Effectiveness	96	0.77	0.77	14	20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	35	86.86	21.88	7	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	46	81.29	23.04	6	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	62	33.78	5.31	13	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	120	13.73	4.93	17	20.63
Species Protection Index	118	38.52		20	65.43
Species Habitat Index	80	54.46		11	62.49
Red List Index	23	89.41	-0.15	5	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	162	16.52	0.26	19	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	163	4.39	0.45	19	33.50
Fisheries	131	28.29	-2.97	18	45.11
Fish Catch Discarded	111	25.43	3.52	17	47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean	111	32.37	-2.62	15	44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic	128	7.85	4.53	18	40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index	82	47.51	-17.31	14	48.36
Forests	77	17.45	-1.40	2	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	65	19.61	-2.26	2	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	89	13.44	0.21	6	8.61
Grasslands	110	43.72	-2.23	16	66.52
Grassland conversion	111	39.94	-2.34	17	65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs	107	48.33	-2.10	16	68.26
Air Pollution	20	91.59	-7.15	10	86.69
NOx emission trend	1	100.00	2.53	1	90.45
SO2 emission trend	42	83.19	-16.81	13	82.94
Agriculture	150	35.22	0.48	18	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	74	46.16	0.09	13	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	172	18.96	1.24	22	45.91
Relative Crop Yield					46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	104	55.88	-1.75	17	60.77
Water Resources	5	99.81		1	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	5	99.81		1	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	2	74.13	18.13	1	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	2	74.13	18.13	1	62.88
CO2 emission trend	5	76.01	19.79	3	63.55
CH4 emission trend	7	75.08	14.67	1	55.17
N2O emission trend	26	71.43	-28.57	11	67.02
F-gas emission trend	14	65.60	2.50	12	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	1	100.00	0.00	1	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	4	59.15	21.87	2	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	9	85.36	27.02	8	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	1	100.00	25.88	1	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	146	2.77	2.77	20	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			Netherlands

CountryNew Zealand

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])260.76

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])48845.27

POP (Population [millions])5.34

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])263320

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Table of EPI results for New Zealand
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	32	55.45	2.92	22	64.74
Environmental Health	16	83.27	1.82	16	86.90
Air Quality	10	86.66	0.23	10	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	13	79.41	1.01	10	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	1	100.00	0.00	1	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	31	63.78	-10.95	6	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	167	16.40	3.99	22	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	5	91.94	-1.52	1	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	98	45.28	0.87	18	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	44	55.27	3.93	15	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	30	79.95	3.39	21	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	34	83.34	4.55	21	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	30	77.68	2.60	21	93.02
Heavy Metals	39	68.54	6.66	21	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	39	68.54	6.66	21	86.21
Waste Management	1	100.00		1	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	1	100.00		1	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	94	42.63	0.06	22	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	102	39.02	-0.11	18	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection	59	19.34	0.00	15	50.06
Marine KBA Protection	73	16.43	0.00	18	62.14
MPA Effectiveness	27	84.88	-14.01	1	20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	36	86.78	0.44	8	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	155	15.83	0.01	22	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	27	42.86	1.65	4	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	24	39.80	0.64	1	20.63
Species Protection Index	100	48.02		17	65.43
Species Habitat Index	30	89.49		3	62.49
Red List Index	166	0.00	0.00	22	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	55	53.84	-0.45	7	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	46	57.22	-0.56	5	33.50
Fisheries	121	35.53	-3.93	17	45.11
Fish Catch Discarded	97	35.07	-1.13	15	47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean	116	27.73	-6.14	18	44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic	115	24.55	7.45	17	40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index	43	54.79	-15.88	4	48.36
Forests	108	11.18	2.46	10	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	86	14.38	2.18	5	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	126	5.23	2.97	13	8.61
Grasslands	89	49.92	0.02	14	66.52
Grassland conversion	85	53.30	1.56	13	65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs	112	45.78	-1.86	17	68.26
Air Pollution	61	64.19	2.51	22	86.69
NOx emission trend	39	79.77	9.56	18	90.45
SO2 emission trend	104	48.62	-4.53	22	82.94
Agriculture	81	52.65	-3.76	8	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	52	53.48	-8.98	9	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	91	56.12	1.37	6	45.91
Relative Crop Yield	59	6.92	0.19	12	46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	84	62.25	3.41	10	60.77
Water Resources	32	84.53		15	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	32	84.53		15	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	34	51.52	8.17	18	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	34	51.52	8.17	18	62.88
CO2 emission trend	31	57.76	3.29	17	63.55
CH4 emission trend	26	61.68	10.25	6	55.17
N2O emission trend	25	72.26	33.27	10	67.02
F-gas emission trend	44	41.13	-0.41	20	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	82	58.03	0.75	21	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	106	31.52	11.31	18	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	37	53.97	10.92	18	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	31	59.36	16.71	17	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	58	53.88	-0.82	10	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			New Zealand

CountryNorway

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])507.66

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])91105.36

POP (Population [millions])5.57

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])364270

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Table of EPI results for Norway
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	8	69.24	6.82	7	64.74
Environmental Health	2	95.89	8.36	2	86.90
Air Quality	4	95.60	9.95	4	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	1	100.00	18.63	1	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	1	100.00	1.89	1	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	47	58.62	12.80	7	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	149	28.41	11.91	16	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	44	64.55	1.01	10	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	78	54.82	10.18	13	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	37	58.42	-0.80	11	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	15	92.84	2.07	13	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	11	94.59	3.04	10	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	18	91.68	1.44	17	93.02
Heavy Metals	1	100.00	13.19	1	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	1	100.00	13.19	1	86.21
Waste Management	34	99.26		13	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	34	99.26		13	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	17	58.82	0.79	6	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	31	58.92	1.26	7	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection	39	33.03	1.97	12	50.06
Marine KBA Protection	8	93.86	0.10	3	62.14
MPA Effectiveness	71	14.30	8.00	9	20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	53	75.64	1.52	11	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	10	95.86	0.13	3	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	58	34.03	2.23	10	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	87	20.85	1.25	11	20.63
Species Protection Index	83	58.24		14	65.43
Species Habitat Index	33	87.24		4	62.49
Red List Index	36	84.34	-0.03	11	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	39	63.27	1.69	3	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	23	74.03	3.13	3	33.50
Fisheries	49	61.78	-2.63	2	45.11
Fish Catch Discarded	15	91.41	18.51	2	47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean	100	40.05	-26.10	12	44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic	76	49.86	-18.27	5	40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index	19	65.82	15.37	1	48.36
Forests	94	13.52	-6.14	5	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	94	13.19	-6.17	7	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	87	14.13	-6.07	5	8.61
Grasslands	1	100.00	0.00	1	66.52
Grassland conversion	1	100.00	0.00	1	65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs	1	100.00	0.00	1	68.26
Air Pollution	52	68.39	7.83	19	86.69
NOx emission trend	47	72.75	23.41	20	90.45
SO2 emission trend	63	64.04	-7.74	19	82.94
Agriculture	161	28.75	1.22	19	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	156	18.94	2.53	19	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	127	44.81	0.58	12	45.91
Relative Crop Yield	99	0.35	-0.02	15	46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	169	26.78	-5.44	22	60.77
Water Resources	43	73.95		17	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	43	73.95		17	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	19	62.65	14.58	14	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	19	62.65	14.58	14	62.88
CO2 emission trend	17	62.55	13.89	12	63.55
CH4 emission trend	37	57.46	-0.67	12	55.17
N2O emission trend	55	56.32	-18.17	18	67.02
F-gas emission trend	18	61.08	1.32	14	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	27	94.90	20.45	17	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	46	43.13	14.20	15	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	11	79.94	28.08	10	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	21	72.24	32.86	13	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	62	49.44	-9.77	11	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			Norway

CountryPortugal

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])451.29

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])42169.78

POP (Population [millions])10.7

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])91606

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Table of EPI results for Portugal
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	18	62.74	6.26	13	64.74
Environmental Health	18	82.06	7.88	18	86.90
Air Quality	16	79.76	10.64	15	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	24	67.69	9.05	16	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	27	98.59	13.92	13	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	62	52.81	9.02	10	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	145	29.80	9.48	14	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	68	59.55	-6.43	14	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	101	44.77	5.76	19	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	52	48.17	-2.80	17	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	12	93.99	2.87	11	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	12	94.49	4.26	11	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	14	93.67	1.95	13	93.02
Heavy Metals	38	70.70	6.14	20	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	38	70.70	6.14	20	86.21
Waste Management	47	96.00		20	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	47	96.00		20	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	68	46.66	-0.49	18	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	51	53.14	2.01	10	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection	28	44.30	2.58	10	50.06
Marine KBA Protection	30	70.11	0.18	8	62.14
MPA Effectiveness	92	1.85	-19.73	13	20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	49	77.25	0.34	10	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	51	79.98	12.94	8	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	69	33.43	4.68	15	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	85	21.24	0.60	10	20.63
Species Protection Index	73	61.87		13	65.43
Species Habitat Index	58	68.39		8	62.49
Red List Index	84	61.06	-0.96	14	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	135	27.28	-0.63	13	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	104	31.09	-0.31	10	33.50
Fisheries	118	36.21	-9.75	16	45.11
Fish Catch Discarded	122	16.85	-4.94	18	47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean	104	37.15	-13.21	13	44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic	85	41.71	-13.76	8	40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index	74	49.13	-7.08	12	48.36
Forests	160	0.29	0.29	20	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	160	0.45	0.45	20	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	142	0.00	0.00	18	8.61
Grasslands	136	24.03	5.40	19	66.52
Grassland conversion	147	13.31	4.22	19	65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs	125	37.13	6.84	19	68.26
Air Pollution	43	75.43	-18.37	18	86.69
NOx emission trend	32	84.68	-2.91	16	90.45
SO2 emission trend	58	66.18	-33.82	18	82.94
Agriculture	163	27.55	3.09	20	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	160	16.26	3.83	20	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	141	39.34	3.17	15	45.91
Relative Crop Yield	86	1.68	-1.37	14	46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	57	72.06	-0.38	5	60.77
Water Resources	31	85.33		14	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	31	85.33		14	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	9	70.78	15.06	7	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	9	70.78	15.06	7	62.88
CO2 emission trend	3	78.08	17.12	2	63.55
CH4 emission trend	78	47.53	-9.47	18	55.17
N2O emission trend	19	77.98	17.18	7	67.02
F-gas emission trend	45	41.06	28.79	21	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	1	100.00	19.23	1	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	2	60.81	15.80	1	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	12	77.80	20.45	11	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	1	100.00	28.24	1	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	87	34.33	-65.67	14	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			Portugal

CountrySpain

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])2367.23

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])48501.7

POP (Population [millions])48.81

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])499697

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Table of EPI results for Spain
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	12	66.28	3.78	11	64.74
Environmental Health	17	82.73	5.75	17	86.90
Air Quality	20	76.65	6.46	18	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	29	64.01	7.87	19	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	32	96.08	5.53	16	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	100	39.84	3.40	19	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	141	31.19	13.65	12	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	46	63.84	1.68	11	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	93	46.31	9.36	17	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	59	45.37	-1.10	19	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	16	91.68	2.81	14	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	22	90.63	4.29	17	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	16	92.38	1.82	15	93.02
Heavy Metals	16	89.33	8.74	10	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	16	89.33	8.74	10	86.21
Waste Management	1	100.00		1	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	1	100.00		1	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	23	56.36	1.47	9	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	30	59.90	3.80	6	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection	11	58.64	1.22	4	50.06
Marine KBA Protection	12	92.13	0.13	5	62.14
MPA Effectiveness	97	0.00	-0.16	15	20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	26	93.62	16.49	4	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	80	64.67	3.54	15	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	54	35.19	6.48	9	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	75	24.01	4.62	8	20.63
Species Protection Index	37	74.36		9	65.43
Species Habitat Index	81	53.73		12	62.49
Red List Index	129	34.30	-5.04	20	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	145	24.33	-0.78	14	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	114	27.65	-0.69	11	33.50
Fisheries	110	38.69	-2.38	15	45.11
Fish Catch Discarded	93	37.67	1.99	13	47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean	115	27.86	-4.98	17	44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic	88	39.50	0.36	9	40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index	68	49.73	-6.88	9	48.36
Forests	128	7.77	-4.66	14	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	124	8.41	-4.45	14	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	119	6.59	-5.03	12	8.61
Grasslands	87	51.39	4.77	13	66.52
Grassland conversion	87	50.05	5.01	14	65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs	91	53.02	4.47	13	68.26
Air Pollution	17	94.77	-5.23	8	86.69
NOx emission trend	28	89.55	-10.45	14	90.45
SO2 emission trend	1	100.00	0.00	1	82.94
Agriculture	133	40.49	0.12	15	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	130	32.08	1.48	18	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	140	40.14	-1.50	14	45.91
Relative Crop Yield	1	100.00	0.00	1	46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	67	67.79	-0.64	8	60.77
Water Resources	36	81.24		16	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	36	81.24		16	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	12	67.45	5.60	10	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	12	67.45	5.60	10	62.88
CO2 emission trend	12	66.44	1.73	8	63.55
CH4 emission trend	71	49.57	-3.28	17	55.17
N2O emission trend	29	70.11	4.19	12	67.02
F-gas emission trend	4	90.58	38.69	3	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	1	100.00	0.00	1	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	13	53.19	6.26	6	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	16	70.66	9.51	13	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	14	85.13	-6.11	9	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	1	100.00	0.00	1	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			Spain

CountrySweden

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])665.67

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])62978.94

POP (Population [millions])10.57

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])407270

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Table of EPI results for Sweden
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	9	69.20	3.49	8	64.74
Environmental Health	2	95.89	7.50	2	86.90
Air Quality	3	96.79	8.41	3	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	1	100.00	16.69	1	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	1	100.00	0.26	1	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	27	67.97	14.51	4	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	131	35.80	8.70	10	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	37	66.33	2.72	6	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	29	77.04	7.35	2	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	24	76.03	2.71	6	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	9	95.48	2.59	8	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	6	97.02	3.54	6	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	10	94.45	1.95	9	93.02
Heavy Metals	11	92.63	12.95	6	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	11	92.63	12.95	6	86.21
Waste Management	46	96.60		19	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	46	96.60		19	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	27	55.54	1.59	10	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	73	48.29	3.49	15	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection					50.06
Marine KBA Protection	45	54.30	8.84	13	62.14
MPA Effectiveness	80	10.81	10.81	10	20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	112	44.60	3.04	18	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	70	69.25	4.14	13	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	115	24.84	1.97	20	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	106	16.56	1.19	13	20.63
Species Protection Index	31	78.10		6	65.43
Species Habitat Index	104	35.64		19	62.49
Red List Index	3	96.90	0.29	1	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	54	54.03	0.97	6	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	41	59.96	2.31	4	33.50
Fisheries	72	52.01	-15.27	3	45.11
Fish Catch Discarded	74	45.79	-28.72	7	47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean	83	50.89	0.31	6	44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic	48	76.35	1.66	2	40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index	107	35.03	-34.33	17	48.36
Forests	121	8.66	-3.87	12	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	144	5.63	-3.57	18	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	86	14.28	-4.42	4	8.61
Grasslands	6	97.47	-0.84	3	66.52
Grassland conversion	10	95.39	-1.54	4	65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs	1	100.00	0.00	1	68.26
Air Pollution	32	85.28	7.62	15	86.69
NOx emission trend	21	95.47	12.51	11	90.45
SO2 emission trend	51	75.09	2.73	16	82.94
Agriculture	85	51.96	2.89	10	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	62	49.66	5.78	10	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	83	57.67	0.43	5	45.91
Relative Crop Yield	71	4.68	-1.76	13	46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	40	76.55	-1.79	4	60.77
Water Resources	22	92.83		10	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	22	92.83		10	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	11	67.46	3.02	9	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	11	67.46	3.02	9	62.88
CO2 emission trend	18	62.39	-1.19	13	63.55
CH4 emission trend	61	51.46	-14.52	15	55.17
N2O emission trend	51	57.94	7.97	17	67.02
F-gas emission trend	13	65.69	6.77	11	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	47	80.34	14.31	20	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	19	50.27	0.27	10	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	1	100.00	23.39	1	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	25	67.79	-24.47	16	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	51	60.81	-0.77	7	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			Sweden

CountrySwitzerland

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])741.03

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])82026.41

POP (Population [millions])9.03

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])39510

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Table of EPI results for Switzerland
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	15	64.06	4.61	12	64.74
Environmental Health	11	88.66	8.87	11	86.90
Air Quality	11	85.42	11.42	11	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	15	77.71	24.08	12	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	1	100.00	0.00	1	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	74	46.96	4.08	12	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	105	45.87	15.38	6	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	76	58.85	7.68	17	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	35	72.28	9.58	3	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	53	48.13	-2.01	18	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	4	98.23	1.39	4	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	1	100.00	1.44	1	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	7	97.05	1.35	6	93.02
Heavy Metals	20	85.09	11.65	13	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	20	85.09	11.65	13	86.21
Waste Management	1	100.00		1	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	1	100.00		1	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	65	47.01	1.39	16	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	116	36.40	3.74	22	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection					50.06
Marine KBA Protection					62.14
MPA Effectiveness					20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	129	34.01	9.33	22	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	149	22.50	4.22	21	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	16	50.72	5.83	1	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	134	10.05	1.99	20	20.63
Species Protection Index	84	57.95		15	65.43
Species Habitat Index	100	40.70		17	62.49
Red List Index	32	86.35	-1.83	10	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	111	34.92	-0.44	9	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	117	26.40	-0.55	12	33.50
Fisheries					45.11
Fish Catch Discarded					47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean					44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic					40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index					48.36
Forests	62	20.75	-9.08	1	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	54	22.59	-8.04	1	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	73	17.33	-11.01	2	8.61
Grasslands	74	59.11	-9.06	10	66.52
Grassland conversion	62	63.52	-9.33	9	65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs	89	53.71	-8.74	12	68.26
Air Pollution	11	97.08	11.44	5	86.69
NOx emission trend	1	100.00	23.16	1	90.45
SO2 emission trend	30	94.15	-0.29	9	82.94
Agriculture	137	39.61	-1.38	16	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	97	41.49	-2.32	16	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	163	28.30	0.40	20	45.91
Relative Crop Yield	1	100.00	0.00	1	46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	118	50.89	-7.69	18	60.77
Water Resources	7	99.29		2	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	7	99.29		2	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	10	69.12	5.87	8	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	10	69.12	5.87	8	62.88
CO2 emission trend	15	64.55	6.97	10	63.55
CH4 emission trend	98	42.40	0.02	20	55.17
N2O emission trend	91	41.41	-23.89	20	67.02
F-gas emission trend	16	64.40	20.31	13	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	1	100.00	9.18	1	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	15	52.98	8.92	7	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	1	100.00	0.00	1	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	19	74.56	12.37	12	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	1	100.00	19.82	1	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			Switzerland

CountryUnited Kingdom

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])3642.75

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])52591.3

POP (Population [millions])69.27

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])242477

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Table of EPI results for United Kingdom
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	3	71.51	5.12	2	64.74
Environmental Health	14	84.39	5.99	14	86.90
Air Quality	19	77.47	7.41	17	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	30	63.12	11.50	20	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	34	95.49	2.60	18	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	28	67.68	10.87	5	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	150	27.66	27.66	17	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	42	64.83	6.00	9	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	80	52.87	12.73	14	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	25	71.78	4.27	7	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	3	99.10	5.33	3	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	1	100.00	2.80	1	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	4	98.51	7.04	3	93.02
Heavy Metals	17	88.25	3.20	11	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	17	88.25	3.20	11	86.21
Waste Management	43	97.03		17	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	43	97.03		17	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	3	64.70	4.11	1	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	11	67.28	5.88	3	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection	4	82.27	30.11	2	50.06
Marine KBA Protection	5	97.14	0.01	2	62.14
MPA Effectiveness	36	57.79	32.59	3	20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	33	87.84	0.25	5	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	8	97.33	0.02	2	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	45	37.31	2.56	6	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	64	27.38	0.35	7	20.63
Species Protection Index	105	43.76		18	65.43
Species Habitat Index	38	84.27		6	62.49
Red List Index	30	86.86	0.11	9	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	134	27.34	-0.10	12	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	146	13.55	-0.29	15	33.50
Fisheries	85	48.08	4.35	8	45.11
Fish Catch Discarded	54	55.85	10.84	5	47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean	99	41.24	2.86	11	44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic	99	32.96	-0.09	12	40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index	26	62.28	3.78	3	48.36
Forests	113	10.40	3.56	11	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	108	10.95	1.34	10	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	111	9.40	7.69	11	8.61
Grasslands	60	65.21	0.91	9	66.52
Grassland conversion	63	63.38	1.70	10	65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs	56	67.45	-0.05	9	68.26
Air Pollution	1	100.00	0.83	1	86.69
NOx emission trend	1	100.00	0.00	1	90.45
SO2 emission trend	1	100.00	1.65	1	82.94
Agriculture	63	57.54	2.70	5	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	39	57.34	1.16	7	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	95	55.34	5.77	7	45.91
Relative Crop Yield					46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	39	77.03	-6.57	3	60.77
Water Resources	13	97.19		7	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	13	97.19		7	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	7	71.00	5.94	5	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	7	71.00	5.94	5	62.88
CO2 emission trend	8	71.67	4.86	6	63.55
CH4 emission trend	15	69.10	-17.26	4	55.17
N2O emission trend	38	66.28	6.28	15	67.02
F-gas emission trend	11	68.66	24.90	10	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	41	84.33	-15.67	19	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	5	58.45	8.27	3	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	10	80.53	13.56	9	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	1	100.00	0.00	1	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	125	19.19	6.63	18	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			United Kingdom

CountryUnited States

RegionGlobal West

GDP (PPP 2021 [$billions])25816.33

GPC (GDP per capita [$/person])75117.91

POP (Population [millions])343.68

LDA (Land Area [sq. km])9157840

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Table of EPI results for United States
Indicator	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Environmental Performance Index	27	58.54	1.00	19	64.74
Environmental Health	15	83.58	6.22	15	86.90
Air Quality	17	79.73	7.22	16	84.11
Ambient PM2.5 DALY rate	22	68.56	13.68	15	77.42
Household solid fuels DALY rate	1	100.00	1.25	1	97.03
Ozone Exposure DALY rate	114	36.20	8.30	22	53.34
NO2 Exposure DALY rate	156	22.47	9.39	19	35.20
Carbon Monoxide Exposure	90	57.40	3.29	20	64.42
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure	126	35.85	5.62	22	58.06
Volatile Organic Compound Exposure	85	34.97	-0.97	21	60.39
Sanitation & Drinking Water	17	91.62	4.21	15	93.17
Unsafe sanitation DALY rate	24	88.03	5.44	18	93.40
Unsafe drinking water DALY rate	12	94.02	3.40	11	93.02
Heavy Metals	23	82.77	6.91	15	86.21
Lead Exposure DALY rate	23	82.77	6.91	15	86.21
Waste Management	1	100.00		1	97.42
Sustainably Managed Solid Waste	1	100.00		1	97.42
Ecosystem Vitality	48	51.23	0.88	14	53.66
Biodiversity & Habitat	107	38.34	0.24	19	51.71
Marine Habitat Protection	23	45.08	0.00	9	50.06
Marine KBA Protection	40	58.73	0.00	12	62.14
MPA Effectiveness	35	58.94	6.80	2	20.07
Terrestrial Biome Protection	123	37.81	0.32	21	69.14
Terrestrial KPA Protection	121	43.75	0.03	18	66.47
Protected Area Repr. Index	154	14.96	0.51	22	34.14
Protected Area Conn. Index	118	14.24	0.03	16	20.63
Species Protection Index	114	39.36		19	65.43
Species Habitat Index	90	45.83		14	62.49
Red List Index	121	42.77	-2.19	19	68.20
Biodiversity Habitat Index	77	44.11	-0.68	8	37.38
Bioclim. Eco. Resilience	81	39.26	-0.65	8	33.50
Fisheries	89	47.30	8.22	9	45.11
Fish Catch Discarded	84	41.70	9.74	11	47.34
Bottom Trawling, open ocean	82	50.93	11.38	5	44.60
Bottom Trawling, domestic	83	45.66	12.79	7	40.15
Regional Marine Trophic Index	60	50.89	-1.06	8	48.36
Forests	106	11.58	0.90	9	10.21
Tree Cover Loss	104	11.43	0.08	9	11.06
Tree Cover Loss in KBAs	96	11.85	2.41	7	8.61
Grasslands	29	81.23	-1.27	7	66.52
Grassland conversion	45	73.61	-1.88	7	65.10
Grassland conversion in KBAs	15	90.54	-0.52	5	68.26
Air Pollution	13	96.94	-3.06	6	86.69
NOx emission trend	25	93.88	-6.12	13	90.45
SO2 emission trend	1	100.00	0.00	1	82.94
Agriculture	7	77.95	13.56	1	46.56
Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index	8	76.25	8.07	1	45.85
Phosphorus Surplus	46	82.59	22.01	1	45.91
Relative Crop Yield					46.40
Pesticide Pollution Risk	100	57.76	0.85	16	60.77
Water Resources	12	98.06		6	80.04
Wastewater Treatment	12	98.06		6	80.04
Climate Change Policy Objective	43	48.64	-3.17	20	62.88
Climate Change Mitigation	43	48.64	-3.17	20	62.88
CO2 emission trend	34	56.21	-2.75	18	63.55
CH4 emission trend	86	46.34	-5.02	19	55.17
N2O emission trend	49	58.57	-0.95	16	67.02
F-gas emission trend	42	41.81	-11.05	19	65.72
Black Carbon emission trend	1	100.00	0.00	1	92.94
GHG emission trend, adj. per capita	132	24.51	-0.18	20	44.87
GHG emission trend, adj. per GDP	38	53.00	-0.17	19	74.88
Projected emissions 2050	38	49.88	-20.19	18	74.12
Carbon flux from land use change	55	56.28	-4.10	9	55.42
Environmental Performance Index 2026	Country Profile			United States