Carbon flux from land use change

This indicator measures whether changes in a country’s land use, land cover, and forestry over the last decade have resulted in net positive or negative carbon fluxes, relative to hectares of forested area. A score of 100 indicates that a country has been a net carbon sink, and a score of 0 indicates very high flows of carbon from the land to the atmosphere. Data come from the Global Carbon Budget.

Note: Countries with less than 2,000 hectares of tree cover in 2000 are not scored on this indicator. Weight assigned to the Forests issue category is reapportioned to other issue categories within the Ecosystem Vitality policy objective.

EPI MeasureCarbon flux from land use change

Click on a country name to see that country's full results table

Table of EPI results for Carbon flux from land use change

Country	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Antigua & Barbuda	1	100.0	0.0	1	64.56
Austria	1	100.0	0.0	1	55.42
Bahamas	1	100.0	15.84	1	64.56
Barbados	1	100.0	0.0	1	64.56
Bosnia & Herzegovina	1	100.0	0.0	1	80.01
Bulgaria	1	100.0	0.0	1	80.01
China	1	100.0	43.02	1	49.14
Croatia	1	100.0	0.0	1	80.01
Cyprus	1	100.0	0.0	1	80.01
Czechia	1	100.0	0.0	1	80.01
Dominica	1	100.0	0.0	1	64.56
El Salvador	1	100.0	0.0	1	64.56
Fiji	1	100.0	0.0	1	49.14
France	1	100.0	0.0	1	55.42
Georgia	1	100.0	0.0	1	36.44
Germany	1	100.0	12.04	1	55.42
Greece	1	100.0	0.0	1	80.01
Grenada	1	100.0	0.0	1	64.56
Haiti	1	100.0	99.12	1	64.56
Hungary	1	100.0	0.0	1	80.01
India	1	100.0	82.91	1	41.26
Italy	1	100.0	0.0	1	55.42
Jamaica	1	100.0	85.15	1	64.56
Japan	1	100.0	0.0	1	49.14
Moldova	1	100.0	0.0	1	36.44
Mongolia	1	100.0	34.25	1	49.14
Montenegro	1	100.0	0.0	1	80.01
Palau	1	100.0	0.0	1	49.14
Poland	1	100.0	0.0	1	80.01
Romania	1	100.0	0.0	1	80.01
Saint Kitts & Nevis	1	100.0	0.0	1	64.56
Saint Lucia	1	100.0	0.0	1	64.56
Serbia	1	100.0	0.0	1	80.01
Seychelles	1	100.0	0.0	1	27.96
South Korea	1	100.0	0.0	1	49.14
Spain	1	100.0	0.0	1	55.42
St. Vincent & the Gren.	1	100.0	51.45	1	64.56
Switzerland	1	100.0	19.82	1	55.42
Trinidad & Tobago	1	100.0	0.0	1	64.56
Vanuatu	1	100.0	51.3	1	49.14
Maldives	41	95.52	6.08	2	41.26
Mexico	42	89.03	47.68	13	64.56
Albania	43	76.91	46.06	12	80.01
Comoros	44	73.22	8.32	2	27.96
Eswatini	45	71.66	-28.34	3	27.96
North Macedonia	46	65.76	34.02	13	80.01
Suriname	47	65.68	2.63	14	64.56
Dominican Republic	48	64.52	8.8	15	64.56
Estonia	49	62.21	-37.79	14	80.01
Guyana	50	61.4	3.81	16	64.56
Sweden	51	60.81	-0.77	7	55.42
Slovakia	52	58.93	48.56	15	80.01
Costa Rica	53	57.32	18.22	17	64.56
Canada	54	56.44	1.67	8	55.42
United States	55	56.28	-4.1	9	55.42
Gabon	56	55.83	3.11	4	27.96
South Africa	57	55.74	20.61	5	27.96
New Zealand	58	53.88	-0.82	10	55.42
Algeria	59	53.73	-9.06	1	18.79
Nigeria	60	52.41	29.69	6	27.96
Russia	61	49.83	-8.11	3	36.44
Norway	62	49.44	-9.77	11	55.42
Zimbabwe	63	49.35	48.09	7	27.96
Chile	64	46.96	9.49	18	64.56
Lithuania	65	46.76	-53.24	16	80.01
Peru	66	46.75	4.93	19	64.56
Mozambique	67	46.05	16.7	8	27.96
Central African Rep.	68	45.29	-19.12	9	27.96
Republic of Congo	69	45.0	2.19	10	27.96
Türkiye	70	44.73	-55.27	17	80.01
Australia	71	43.28	19.91	12	55.42
Latvia	72	42.81	-9.08	18	80.01
Colombia	73	42.75	4.32	20	64.56
Panama	74	42.45	12.27	21	64.56
Belarus	75	42.26	-0.87	4	36.44
Tunisia	76	42.25	36.92	2	18.79
Mauritius	77	42.24	10.99	11	27.96
Ecuador	78	41.7	8.5	22	64.56
Equatorial Guinea	79	41.3	-5.72	12	27.96
Ukraine	80	40.82	-3.7	5	36.44
Papua New Guinea	81	40.74	1.72	8	49.14
Cameroon	82	38.33	5.05	13	27.96
Bolivia	83	35.6	1.54	23	64.56
Luxembourg	84	35.49	0.28	13	55.42
Solomon Islands	85	34.98	-0.85	9	49.14
Uganda	86	34.61	7.15	14	27.96
Portugal	87	34.33	-65.67	14	55.42
Paraguay	88	33.11	5.87	24	64.56
Lebanon	89	32.96	-67.04	3	18.79
Honduras	90	32.16	-2.79	25	64.56
Nepal	91	32.15	9.37	3	41.26
Togo	92	31.95	21.3	15	27.96
Uruguay	93	31.61	24.8	26	64.56
Madagascar	94	31.3	6.43	16	27.96
Angola	95	31.05	1.87	17	27.96
Finland	96	30.78	-7.57	15	55.42
Sierra Leone	97	30.48	19.66	18	27.96
Ghana	98	30.36	8.78	19	27.96
Bangladesh	99	30.29	-16.12	4	41.26
Bhutan	100	30.06	13.37	5	41.26
Brunei Darussalam	101	29.91	6.53	10	49.14
Laos	102	29.49	9.45	11	49.14
Iran	103	28.68	-71.32	4	18.79
Argentina	104	28.06	8.76	27	64.56
Armenia	105	27.85	17.85	6	36.44
Philippines	106	26.64	11.58	12	49.14
Belgium	107	26.28	-10.91	16	55.42
Kyrgyzstan	108	26.06	7.39	7	36.44
Morocco	109	25.23	-74.77	5	18.79
Myanmar	110	24.95	6.58	13	49.14
Liberia	111	24.77	1.28	20	27.96
Nicaragua	112	24.72	7.78	28	64.56
Zambia	113	24.41	3.82	21	27.96
Azerbaijan	114	24.2	-7.01	8	36.44
Ireland	115	23.47	16.04	17	55.42
Sri Lanka	116	23.1	10.8	6	41.26
Brazil	117	22.34	1.07	29	64.56
Rwanda	118	22.19	6.74	22	27.96
Slovenia	119	21.99	0.08	19	80.01
Malaysia	120	20.63	9.06	14	49.14
Dem. Rep. Congo	121	20.56	-1.32	23	27.96
Tanzania	122	20.46	4.56	24	27.96
Kenya	123	20.1	12.19	25	27.96
Thailand	124	19.47	2.04	15	49.14
United Kingdom	125	19.19	6.63	18	55.42
Pakistan	126	19.0	-8.7	7	41.26
Guatemala	127	18.36	3.31	30	64.56
Guinea-Bissau	128	17.45	-5.95	26	27.96
Belize	129	16.8	-4.21	31	64.56
Denmark	130	15.9	-0.9	19	55.42
Timor-Leste	131	15.86	-2.4	16	49.14
Ethiopia	132	14.72	14.72	27	27.96
Burundi	133	14.36	-0.82	28	27.96
Indonesia	134	12.19	2.53	17	49.14
Cambodia	135	11.51	-5.35	18	49.14
São Tomé & Príncipe	136	11.16	-25.5	29	27.96
Kazakhstan	137	10.77	-9.86	9	36.44
Uzbekistan	138	10.28	-8.92	10	36.44
Guinea	139	9.66	0.15	30	27.96
Singapore	140	8.79	5.68	19	49.14
Viet Nam	141	7.57	0.51	20	49.14
Malawi	142	7.15	4.21	31	27.96
Tajikistan	143	5.16	5.16	11	36.44
Côte d'Ivoire	144	5.13	-5.6	32	27.96
Egypt	145	5.02	-1.78	6	18.79
Netherlands	146	2.77	2.77	20	55.42
Afghanistan	147	0.0	-1.43	8	41.26
Benin	147	0.0	0.0	33	27.96
Botswana	147	0.0	0.0	33	27.96
Chad	147	0.0	0.0	33	27.96
Gambia	147	0.0	0.0	33	27.96
Iraq	147	0.0	0.0	7	18.79
Israel	147	0.0	-100.0	7	18.79
Jordan	147	0.0	0.0	7	18.79
Lesotho	147	0.0	0.0	33	27.96
Mali	147	0.0	0.0	33	27.96
Namibia	147	0.0	0.0	33	27.96
Senegal	147	0.0	0.0	33	27.96
Sudan	147	0.0	0.0	7	18.79
Turkmenistan	147	0.0	0.0	12	36.44
Environmental Performance Index 2026	EPI Measurement		Carbon flux from land use change