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Anthropogenic PM2.5 exposure

We measure the exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from satellite-derived ground-level measurements weighted by population density. We exclude the population-weighted fraction of exposure to PM2.5 from windblown dust, seaspray, and other natural sources of air pollution. A score of 100 indicates exposure to an average annual concentration below 2.5 micrograms per cubic meter (half of the World Health Organization's guideline), and a score of 0 indicates exposure to some of the highest concentrations of PM2.5 in the world (≥95th-percentile).

country rank Score 10y ∆
Barbados 1 100.0 0.0
Cabo Verde 1 100.0 0.0
Fiji 1 100.0 0.0
Grenada 1 100.0 0.0
Guyana 1 100.0 0.0
Iceland 1 100.0 0.0
Kiribati 1 100.0 0.0
Marshall Islands 1 100.0 0.0
Mauritania 1 100.0 0.0
Micronesia 1 100.0 0.0
Saint Lucia 1 100.0 0.0
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1 100.0 0.0
Samoa 1 100.0 0.0
Senegal 1 100.0 0.0
Solomon Islands 1 100.0 0.0
Suriname 1 100.0 0.0
Tonga 1 100.0 0.0
Trinidad and Tobago 1 100.0 0.0
Vanuatu 1 100.0 0.0
Bahamas 20 97.1 0.9
New Zealand 21 96.2 -2.9
Australia 22 94.9 5.2
Antigua and Barbuda 23 93.5 -3.0
Gambia 24 93.2 0.0
Seychelles 25 92.6 -4.6
Mauritius 26 88.5 -2.5
Mali 27 88.3 0.9
Norway 28 85.1 6.9
Guinea-Bissau 29 83.5 -1.6
Finland 30 81.9 15.1
Dominica 31 80.8 -8.1
Sweden 32 77.1 12.7
Liberia 33 76.9 -4.0
Brunei Darussalam 34 76.8 8.8
Burkina Faso 35 72.8 -4.1
Comoros 36 70.9 -11.3
Panama 37 70.6 2.0
Sierra Leone 38 70.3 -4.0
Malta 39 69.9 0.2
Estonia 40 69.3 14.4
Guinea 41 67.4 -2.6
Ireland 42 67.1 1.3
Canada 43 67.0 6.1
Cote d'Ivoire 44 66.9 -8.8
Niger 45 65.4 -8.2
Cuba 46 62.8 -1.4
Timor-Leste 47 62.2 2.5
Morocco 48 62.1 -8.2
Venezuela 48 62.1 2.3
United States of America 50 61.5 5.1
Denmark 51 59.0 12.1
Papua New Guinea 52 58.1 -3.6
Chad 53 57.1 0.1
Costa Rica 54 56.3 0.5
Sao Tome and Principe 54 56.3 -8.7
Sudan 56 55.5 -4.3
Portugal 57 55.0 -5.2
Dominican Republic 58 53.9 -0.1
Luxembourg 59 52.9 11.1
United Kingdom 60 52.1 7.9
Netherlands 61 51.1 13.0
Germany 62 50.0 13.7
Madagascar 63 49.6 -1.6
Ghana 64 49.5 -10.0
France 65 49.0 3.3
Spain 66 48.8 -6.6
Belgium 67 48.7 10.4
Uruguay 68 48.6 -0.9
Russia 69 48.4 8.6
Kazakhstan 70 48.2 3.9
Switzerland 70 48.2 2.0
Belize 72 47.7 2.1
Nicaragua 72 47.7 -3.5
Austria 74 46.1 10.1
Kyrgyzstan 75 45.7 6.0
Turkmenistan 76 45.5 0.1
Lithuania 77 45.2 15.7
Argentina 78 44.6 -6.6
Belarus 79 44.4 19.4
Maldives 80 44.2 5.0
Japan 81 42.2 3.9
Togo 82 41.6 -9.3
Greece 83 41.2 -1.2
Eritrea 84 40.6 -4.8
Georgia 85 39.9 3.2
Paraguay 86 39.6 -1.0
Brazil 87 39.3 -5.2
Botswana 88 38.9 -2.0
Haiti 89 38.4 1.7
Azerbaijan 90 37.9 5.9
Ukraine 90 37.9 12.7
Latvia 92 37.8 10.9
Czech Republic 93 37.7 15.4
Colombia 94 37.6 0.4
Algeria 95 37.1 -7.3
Cyprus 95 37.1 -5.7
Albania 97 36.6 0.4
Benin 98 36.1 -10.8
Jamaica 99 35.9 2.5
Slovakia 100 35.8 12.7
Slovenia 100 35.8 3.2
Hungary 102 35.5 10.8
Moldova 103 35.3 9.4
Mozambique 104 35.2 -6.4
Oman 105 34.4 -9.7
Malaysia 106 33.7 11.7
Israel 107 33.3 -6.2
Djibouti 108 33.2 -0.9
Ethiopia 109 33.0 -3.0
Namibia 109 33.0 -5.5
Tunisia 109 33.0 -6.2
Singapore 112 32.7 11.8
Kenya 113 32.4 -3.7
Montenegro 113 32.4 3.1
Italy 115 31.7 -1.4
Romania 116 29.6 3.3
Croatia 117 29.3 3.3
Ecuador 117 29.3 -4.2
Poland 119 28.8 16.3
Mexico 120 27.5 -1.8
Lebanon 121 27.4 -5.3
Zimbabwe 122 26.8 -5.6
Tanzania 123 26.1 -3.0
Eswatini 124 24.5 -6.1
Serbia 125 24.2 3.2
Uzbekistan 126 23.9 -0.3
Indonesia 127 23.2 7.9
Taiwan 128 22.2 8.7
North Macedonia 129 21.5 5.0
Malawi 130 21.4 -7.1
Bulgaria 131 21.0 3.5
Jordan 132 20.4 -5.7
Cambodia 133 20.0 -0.9
Central African Republic 134 19.9 1.3
Armenia 135 19.3 -1.3
Afghanistan 136 18.8 -4.7
Nigeria 137 18.3 -10.8
Philippines 138 17.4 -2.8
Turkiye 139 16.0 -0.7
Iran 140 15.8 -4.4
Angola 141 15.4 -5.5
Gabon 142 15.1 -4.9
Tajikistan 142 15.1 -4.6
Bolivia 144 14.9 -6.4
Equatorial Guinea 144 14.9 -8.8
Cameroon 146 14.6 -3.7
Honduras 147 14.5 0.0
Zambia 148 12.7 -5.6
South Korea 149 12.6 4.4
Sri Lanka 150 12.3 1.6
Thailand 151 11.9 3.7
Guatemala 152 10.9 -0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina 153 10.5 1.8
Peru 153 10.5 -8.7
Egypt 155 10.3 1.4
El Salvador 155 10.3 -1.8
South Africa 155 10.3 -3.4
United Arab Emirates 155 10.3 -10.3
Laos 159 9.9 5.5
Chile 160 8.3 -12.1
Viet Nam 161 8.0 5.0
Uganda 162 7.7 -1.5
Kuwait 163 7.0 -14.4
Lesotho 164 6.1 -7.8
Bhutan 165 5.2 5.2
Iraq 166 4.2 -9.6
Bahrain 167 3.8 -10.6
Saudi Arabia 168 2.7 -8.9
Republic of Congo 169 2.5 -2.4
China 170 1.1 1.1
Bangladesh 171 0.0 0.0
Burundi 171 0.0 0.0
Dem. Rep. Congo 171 0.0 0.0
India 171 0.0 0.0
Mongolia 171 0.0 -0.2
Myanmar 171 0.0 0.0
Nepal 171 0.0 0.0
Pakistan 171 0.0 0.0
Qatar 171 0.0 0.0
Rwanda 171 0.0 0.0