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CO exposure

We measure exposure to ground-level carbon monoxide using a country’s ambient ground-level concentration. The pollutant concentration is population-weighted to better capture the exposure levels in geographic areas with a higher human population density. A score of 100 indicates a country has among the lowest exposure in the world (≤1st-percentile), while a score of 0 indicates a country is among the highest (≥99th-percentile).

country rank Score 10y ∆
Samoa 1 100.0 0.1
Tonga 1 100.0 0.0
Vanuatu 3 97.7 2.3
Kiribati 4 97.6 -0.6
Solomon Islands 5 95.6 -1.3
New Zealand 6 94.6 1.6
Fiji 7 94.2 0.8
Micronesia 8 94.0 2.6
Marshall Islands 9 93.9 0.2
Mauritius 10 92.1 7.8
Seychelles 11 89.1 2.2
Australia 12 86.5 7.0
Antigua and Barbuda 13 85.8 1.6
Dominica 14 85.5 1.5
Barbados 15 85.4 0.9
Saint Lucia 15 85.4 1.3
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 17 85.2 0.9
Grenada 18 84.7 0.2
Bahamas 19 83.0 5.5
Comoros 20 82.1 0.5
Cabo Verde 21 81.3 2.3
Trinidad and Tobago 22 81.2 0.4
Uruguay 23 78.4 0.3
Papua New Guinea 24 77.6 -0.9
Guyana 25 77.2 -1.9
Cuba 26 76.3 3.5
Suriname 27 76.2 -2.3
Iceland 28 75.2 5.7
Belize 29 75.0 2.7
Timor-Leste 29 75.0 7.0
Maldives 31 74.5 2.7
Nicaragua 32 73.5 1.9
Ireland 33 72.5 4.3
Malta 34 70.5 2.5
Sao Tome and Principe 35 70.2 -6.4
Panama 36 69.3 1.3
Sweden 36 69.3 6.1
Mauritania 38 68.8 -1.3
Denmark 39 68.2 6.7
Costa Rica 40 68.1 -0.9
Cyprus 41 67.7 2.6
Mongolia 42 67.5 3.3
Jamaica 43 67.3 3.4
Norway 43 67.3 4.2
Finland 45 66.9 4.9
United Kingdom 46 66.8 8.4
Belarus 47 65.4 3.7
Georgia 48 65.3 2.1
Netherlands 48 65.3 9.9
Portugal 48 65.3 -0.3
Moldova 51 65.2 5.2
Dominican Republic 52 64.7 0.6
Argentina 53 64.5 -3.7
Kazakhstan 53 64.5 2.5
Spain 53 64.5 2.7
Albania 56 64.4 3.7
Montenegro 57 64.3 3.4
Madagascar 58 64.2 3.9
Turkmenistan 58 64.2 1.5
Ukraine 58 64.2 4.7
Greece 61 63.3 4.4
Azerbaijan 62 63.1 1.4
Venezuela 63 62.9 -2.2
Estonia 64 62.6 5.0
Mozambique 65 62.5 2.9
Turkiye 66 62.4 3.6
Honduras 67 61.9 3.4
Kyrgyzstan 67 61.9 0.3
Djibouti 69 61.6 -7.3
Philippines 70 61.4 6.9
Germany 71 61.3 8.0
North Macedonia 72 61.2 5.1
Singapore 72 61.2 25.7
Canada 74 61.0 4.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina 75 60.8 3.4
Botswana 75 60.8 -6.2
France 77 60.6 6.0
Lithuania 78 60.4 3.2
United States of America 79 60.3 6.6
Belgium 80 60.2 8.5
Serbia 81 60.1 5.5
Poland 82 60.0 6.7
Romania 82 60.0 5.3
Haiti 84 59.9 1.3
Namibia 84 59.9 -2.0
Brazil 86 59.8 -0.8
Switzerland 86 59.8 9.0
Armenia 88 59.7 0.8
Bulgaria 89 59.6 4.0
Latvia 90 59.3 5.0
Russia 91 59.1 2.0
Japan 92 58.9 9.5
Sudan 93 58.7 -1.3
Luxembourg 94 58.6 6.4
Hungary 95 58.3 5.0
Slovakia 96 57.9 5.6
Tanzania 96 57.9 -0.2
Austria 98 57.4 5.3
Paraguay 99 57.2 -3.9
Peru 99 57.2 -8.7
Uzbekistan 101 56.0 0.5
Senegal 102 55.5 -4.4
Croatia 103 55.2 3.0
Italy 104 54.7 8.6
Mali 105 54.6 -0.4
Chad 106 54.4 1.4
Saudi Arabia 106 54.4 -4.9
Czech Republic 108 54.1 5.9
Tajikistan 109 54.0 1.0
Equatorial Guinea 110 53.5 -5.8
Bolivia 111 53.1 -9.6
Zimbabwe 111 53.1 2.5
Brunei Darussalam 113 52.5 6.8
Eritrea 114 52.2 -8.6
Gambia 115 51.9 -5.3
Slovenia 115 51.9 3.6
Liberia 117 51.7 -0.3
Oman 117 51.7 -8.8
Niger 119 51.6 -0.2
Burkina Faso 120 51.5 -0.9
Guinea-Bissau 121 51.4 -1.7
Zambia 122 51.2 3.1
Ecuador 123 50.8 -5.2
Afghanistan 124 50.2 -2.0
Colombia 125 49.2 -1.6
Gabon 126 48.6 -5.1
Morocco 126 48.6 -7.5
El Salvador 128 48.3 0.7
Cote d'Ivoire 129 47.7 -5.1
Lesotho 129 47.7 -3.7
Tunisia 131 46.3 -3.5
Cambodia 132 46.1 4.9
Malaysia 133 46.0 22.4
Malawi 134 45.5 2.0
Taiwan 135 44.2 9.9
Angola 136 43.2 2.4
Guatemala 137 43.1 -0.4
Algeria 138 42.7 -7.5
Eswatini 139 40.9 0.1
Mexico 140 40.7 -2.1
Sierra Leone 141 40.4 15.0
Indonesia 142 40.1 22.0
Togo 143 39.8 -4.6
Ghana 144 39.6 -7.1
Guinea 145 38.9 5.3
Cameroon 146 38.7 -4.0
Sri Lanka 147 38.6 -2.4
Benin 148 38.4 -5.5
Myanmar 149 37.7 6.1
Bahrain 150 37.5 -8.0
Qatar 151 37.0 -8.4
Ethiopia 152 36.0 -0.5
United Arab Emirates 153 34.8 -7.8
Laos 154 34.0 16.5
Lebanon 155 33.5 2.4
Iraq 156 33.4 -3.4
Central African Republic 157 32.7 2.2
Republic of Congo 157 32.7 -3.9
Jordan 159 32.3 -3.5
Thailand 160 31.4 2.6
Kuwait 161 30.2 -3.9
Uganda 162 28.9 0.7
Egypt 163 27.2 -1.3
Israel 164 26.9 1.2
Kenya 165 26.5 -1.8
Dem. Rep. Congo 166 26.1 0.1
Viet Nam 167 24.8 3.1
Iran 168 22.9 -8.4
Chile 169 22.4 -2.2
Burundi 170 20.4 0.3
Nigeria 170 20.4 -6.4
Bhutan 172 15.9 1.8
South Korea 173 14.3 6.9
South Africa 174 13.3 -8.0
Rwanda 175 13.1 1.4
China 176 4.5 2.0
Bangladesh 177 3.2 0.8
India 178 0.0 -2.6
Nepal 178 0.0 0.0
Pakistan 178 0.0 -2.4