SO₂ exposure

This indicator measures a country’s ambient ground-level concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2), weighted by population to better capture the exposure levels in geographic areas with a higher human population density. A score of 100 indicates a country has among the lowest exposure in the world, and a score of 0 indicates a country is among the highest. Data come from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service.

EPI MeasureSulfur Dioxide Exposure

Click on a country name to see that country's full results table

Table of EPI results for Sulfur Dioxide Exposure
Country	Rank	EPI Score	10-Year Change	Regional Rank	Regional Average
Kiribati	1	100.0	0.0	1	49.13
Palau	1	100.0	0.0	1	49.13
São Tomé & Príncipe	1	100.0	0.0	1	58.75
Tonga	1	100.0	0.39	1	49.13
Samoa	5	99.15	6.98	4	49.13
Maldives	6	97.9	3.8	1	34.76
Solomon Islands	7	97.36	3.66	5	49.13
Seychelles	8	96.97	3.96	2	58.75
Guyana	9	92.71	-4.08	1	62.86
Timor-Leste	10	92.57	7.82	6	49.13
Barbados	11	91.39	2.73	2	62.86
Comoros	12	89.82	3.66	3	58.75
Iceland	13	88.46	13.63	1	58.06
Cabo Verde	14	87.92	0.93	4	58.75
Grenada	15	87.01	1.24	3	62.86
Bolivia	16	86.64	-9.39	4	62.86
Chad	17	85.78	-0.68	5	58.75
Madagascar	18	84.39	0.37	6	58.75
Paraguay	19	83.87	-2.5	5	62.86
Suriname	20	83.81	-3.07	6	62.86
Vanuatu	21	83.57	6.13	7	49.13
Dominica	22	83.15	1.97	7	62.86
Mali	23	81.97	-2.75	7	58.75
Trinidad & Tobago	24	81.81	4.47	8	62.86
Belize	25	81.42	-0.36	9	62.86
Mauritius	26	80.16	8.81	8	58.75
Mozambique	27	79.93	1.14	9	58.75
Central African Rep.	28	78.44	2.41	10	58.75
Sweden	29	77.04	7.35	2	58.06
Haiti	30	76.64	3.3	10	62.86
Liberia	31	75.98	-1.2	11	58.75
Saint Lucia	32	75.84	2.89	11	62.86
Burkina Faso	33	74.91	-2.66	12	58.75
St. Vincent & the Gren.	34	73.54	2.47	12	62.86
Switzerland	35	72.28	9.58	3	58.06
Tanzania	36	70.91	0.52	13	58.75
Bahamas	37	70.83	9.81	13	62.86
Luxembourg	38	70.48	9.87	4	58.06
Uruguay	39	70.04	1.52	14	62.86
Niger	40	69.9	-1.13	14	58.75
Mauritania	41	69.8	-1.99	15	58.75
Ethiopia	42	69.63	-1.06	16	58.75
Gabon	43	69.61	-1.31	17	58.75
Ecuador	44	69.22	0.21	15	62.86
Finland	45	69.14	5.14	5	58.06
Argentina	46	68.45	1.57	16	62.86
Côte d'Ivoire	47	67.59	-3.39	18	58.75
Denmark	48	67.52	8.16	6	58.06
Namibia	49	67.39	-1.81	19	58.75
Equatorial Guinea	50	66.2	-0.21	20	58.75
Antigua & Barbuda	51	66.15	2.87	17	62.86
Fiji	52	65.5	1.45	8	49.13
Sierra Leone	53	65.39	6.91	21	58.75
Panama	54	65.29	3.3	18	62.86
Netherlands	55	65.04	12.04	7	58.06
Malawi	56	64.2	-0.36	22	58.75
Sudan	57	63.59	-5.96	1	15.16
France	58	63.27	11.81	8	58.06
Germany	59	62.93	11.3	9	58.06
Djibouti	60	62.84	0.33	23	58.75
Guinea	61	62.6	0.69	24	58.75
Ireland	62	61.84	6.28	10	58.06
Saint Kitts & Nevis	63	61.43	1.24	19	62.86
Austria	64	61.12	6.19	11	58.06
Ghana	65	61.08	-3.11	25	58.75
Benin	66	60.09	-2.65	26	58.75
Togo	67	59.78	-2.35	27	58.75
Afghanistan	68	59.17	-4.2	2	34.76
Dominican Republic	69	58.82	4.88	20	62.86
Angola	70	58.66	-6.07	28	58.75
Colombia	71	57.88	0.2	21	62.86
Peru	72	57.15	-4.39	22	62.86
Turkmenistan	73	56.66	0.83	1	38.94
Latvia	74	56.43	2.2	1	37.87
Belgium	75	56.22	11.55	12	58.06
Brunei Darussalam	76	55.76	-0.77	9	49.13
Zimbabwe	77	54.93	0.54	29	58.75
Norway	78	54.82	10.18	13	58.06
Honduras	79	53.2	-0.58	23	62.86
United Kingdom	80	52.87	12.73	14	58.06
Costa Rica	81	51.85	0.65	24	62.86
Lithuania	82	51.45	1.37	2	37.87
Guinea-Bissau	83	51.42	-2.13	30	58.75
Nigeria	84	51.39	-4.06	31	58.75
Republic of Congo	85	50.94	0.33	32	58.75
Italy	86	50.87	7.76	15	58.06
Belarus	87	50.42	1.81	2	38.94
Myanmar	88	48.49	-3.05	10	49.13
Kenya	89	47.85	-1.28	33	58.75
Malta	90	47.7	9.99	16	58.06
Cameroon	91	47.64	-1.75	34	58.75
Laos	92	47.05	0.53	11	49.13
Spain	93	46.31	9.36	17	58.06
Slovenia	94	45.94	7.12	3	37.87
Papua New Guinea	95	45.75	-0.53	12	49.13
Botswana	96	45.51	0.18	35	58.75
Cambodia	97	45.42	-0.29	13	49.13
New Zealand	98	45.28	0.87	18	58.06
Georgia	99	44.92	0.52	3	38.94
Albania	100	44.85	3.46	4	37.87
Portugal	101	44.77	5.76	19	58.06
Zambia	102	43.51	0.64	36	58.75
Montenegro	103	43.48	2.24	5	37.87
Brazil	104	43.19	-0.03	25	62.86
Jamaica	105	42.38	3.9	26	62.86
Croatia	106	42.26	5.86	6	37.87
Canada	107	41.76	3.35	20	58.06
Australia	108	41.68	7.41	21	58.06
Czechia	109	41.35	6.71	7	37.87
Cyprus	110	40.98	9.77	8	37.87
Türkiye	111	39.67	6.14	9	37.87
Bhutan	112	39.61	-2.77	3	34.76
Azerbaijan	113	39.49	3.01	4	38.94
Nicaragua	114	39.46	0.18	27	62.86
Kyrgyzstan	115	39.34	1.52	5	38.94
Malaysia	116	38.78	3.08	14	49.13
Romania	117	38.53	3.59	10	37.87
Guatemala	118	38.04	-0.8	28	62.86
Greece	119	38.0	4.24	11	37.87
Estonia	120	37.75	2.01	12	37.87
Slovakia	121	36.68	6.06	13	37.87
Eswatini	122	36.4	0.81	37	58.75
Armenia	123	36.36	0.82	6	38.94
El Salvador	124	36.22	1.76	29	62.86
Ukraine	124	36.22	5.03	7	38.94
United States	126	35.85	5.62	22	58.06
Poland	127	35.4	8.43	14	37.87
Tajikistan	128	35.2	0.97	8	38.94
Japan	129	34.9	4.79	15	49.13
Kazakhstan	130	34.11	1.4	9	38.94
Burundi	131	33.83	0.52	38	58.75
Viet Nam	132	33.11	-0.32	16	49.13
Bosnia & Herzegovina	133	32.07	5.27	15	37.87
Hungary	134	31.98	7.0	16	37.87
Moldova	135	31.97	1.19	10	38.94
Russia	136	31.87	1.39	11	38.94
Uzbekistan	137	30.71	2.05	12	38.94
Gambia	138	29.02	-3.21	39	58.75
Dem. Rep. Congo	139	28.42	0.16	40	58.75
Oman	140	26.28	-3.32	2	15.16
Uganda	141	25.63	1.15	41	58.75
Algeria	142	25.62	-7.82	3	15.16
Serbia	143	24.94	8.72	17	37.87
Mongolia	144	24.73	-2.36	17	49.13
Nepal	145	24.17	-3.0	4	34.76
Morocco	146	23.5	-4.02	4	15.16
North Macedonia	147	21.21	4.63	18	37.87
Sri Lanka	148	20.82	-1.16	5	34.76
Tunisia	149	20.66	-2.1	5	15.16
Qatar	150	19.69	-2.2	6	15.16
Indonesia	151	18.85	0.3	18	49.13
Bangladesh	152	17.8	-3.31	6	34.76
Thailand	153	17.5	-1.91	19	49.13
Lesotho	154	16.86	0.44	42	58.75
Bulgaria	155	16.58	3.22	19	37.87
Senegal	156	14.36	-2.14	43	58.75
United Arab Emirates	157	14.02	-2.31	7	15.16
Philippines	158	12.73	0.18	20	49.13
Iraq	159	11.35	-3.51	8	15.16
Lebanon	160	10.85	0.67	9	15.16
Bahrain	161	10.18	-1.37	10	15.16
Taiwan	162	10.13	-0.14	21	49.13
Pakistan	163	9.69	-2.38	7	34.76
India	164	8.94	-2.2	8	34.76
Singapore	165	7.67	6.92	22	49.13
Iran	166	7.52	-3.89	11	15.16
Saudi Arabia	167	6.22	0.05	12	15.16
South Africa	168	3.91	-1.35	44	58.75
Egypt	169	3.01	-2.67	13	15.16
Chile	170	1.08	-0.13	30	62.86
China	171	0.0	0.0	23	49.13
Israel	171	0.0	0.0	14	15.16
Jordan	171	0.0	0.0	14	15.16
Kuwait	171	0.0	0.0	14	15.16
Mexico	171	0.0	0.0	31	62.86
Rwanda	171	0.0	0.0	45	58.75
South Korea	171	0.0	0.0	23	49.13
Environmental Performance Index 2026	EPI Measurement		Sulfur Dioxide Exposure

SO2 Exposure

SO2 exposure

SO₂ exposure