Carbon flux from land use change (LUF)

This indicator measures whether changes in a country's land use, land cover, and forestry over the last decade have resulted in net positive or negative carbon fluxes, relative to hectares of forested area. A score of 100 indicates that a country has been a net carbon sink, and a score of 0 indicates very high flows of carbon from the land to the atmosphere. Data come from the Global Carbon Budget.

Note: Countries with less than 2,000 hectares of tree cover in 2000 are not scored on this indicator.

EPI MeasureCarbon flux from land use change

Click on a country name to see that country's full results table

Table of EPI results for Carbon flux from land use change
Country Rank EPI Score 10-Year Change Regional Rank Regional Average
Antigua & Barbuda 1 100.0 0.0 1 64.56
Austria 1 100.0 0.0 1 55.42
Bahamas 1 100.0 15.84 1 64.56
Barbados 1 100.0 0.0 1 64.56
Bosnia & Herzegovina 1 100.0 0.0 1 80.01
Bulgaria 1 100.0 0.0 1 80.01
China 1 100.0 43.02 1 49.14
Croatia 1 100.0 0.0 1 80.01
Cyprus 1 100.0 0.0 1 80.01
Czechia 1 100.0 0.0 1 80.01
Dominica 1 100.0 0.0 1 64.56
El Salvador 1 100.0 0.0 1 64.56
Fiji 1 100.0 0.0 1 49.14
France 1 100.0 0.0 1 55.42
Georgia 1 100.0 0.0 1 36.44
Germany 1 100.0 12.04 1 55.42
Greece 1 100.0 0.0 1 80.01
Grenada 1 100.0 0.0 1 64.56
Haiti 1 100.0 99.12 1 64.56
Hungary 1 100.0 0.0 1 80.01
India 1 100.0 82.91 1 41.26
Italy 1 100.0 0.0 1 55.42
Jamaica 1 100.0 85.15 1 64.56
Japan 1 100.0 0.0 1 49.14
Moldova 1 100.0 0.0 1 36.44
Mongolia 1 100.0 34.25 1 49.14
Montenegro 1 100.0 0.0 1 80.01
Palau 1 100.0 0.0 1 49.14
Poland 1 100.0 0.0 1 80.01
Romania 1 100.0 0.0 1 80.01
Saint Kitts & Nevis 1 100.0 0.0 1 64.56
Saint Lucia 1 100.0 0.0 1 64.56
Serbia 1 100.0 0.0 1 80.01
Seychelles 1 100.0 0.0 1 27.96
South Korea 1 100.0 0.0 1 49.14
Spain 1 100.0 0.0 1 55.42
St. Vincent & the Gren. 1 100.0 51.45 1 64.56
Switzerland 1 100.0 19.82 1 55.42
Trinidad & Tobago 1 100.0 0.0 1 64.56
Vanuatu 1 100.0 51.3 1 49.14
Maldives 41 95.52 6.08 2 41.26
Mexico 42 89.03 47.68 13 64.56
Albania 43 76.91 46.06 12 80.01
Comoros 44 73.22 8.32 2 27.96
Eswatini 45 71.66 -28.34 3 27.96
North Macedonia 46 65.76 34.02 13 80.01
Suriname 47 65.68 2.63 14 64.56
Dominican Republic 48 64.52 8.8 15 64.56
Estonia 49 62.21 -37.79 14 80.01
Guyana 50 61.4 3.81 16 64.56
Sweden 51 60.81 -0.77 7 55.42
Slovakia 52 58.93 48.56 15 80.01
Costa Rica 53 57.32 18.22 17 64.56
Canada 54 56.44 1.67 8 55.42
United States 55 56.28 -4.1 9 55.42
Gabon 56 55.83 3.11 4 27.96
South Africa 57 55.74 20.61 5 27.96
New Zealand 58 53.88 -0.82 10 55.42
Algeria 59 53.73 -9.06 1 18.79
Nigeria 60 52.41 29.69 6 27.96
Russia 61 49.83 -8.11 3 36.44
Norway 62 49.44 -9.77 11 55.42
Zimbabwe 63 49.35 48.09 7 27.96
Chile 64 46.96 9.49 18 64.56
Lithuania 65 46.76 -53.24 16 80.01
Peru 66 46.75 4.93 19 64.56
Mozambique 67 46.05 16.7 8 27.96
Central African Rep. 68 45.29 -19.12 9 27.96
Republic of Congo 69 45.0 2.19 10 27.96
Türkiye 70 44.73 -55.27 17 80.01
Australia 71 43.28 19.91 12 55.42
Latvia 72 42.81 -9.08 18 80.01
Colombia 73 42.75 4.32 20 64.56
Panama 74 42.45 12.27 21 64.56
Belarus 75 42.26 -0.87 4 36.44
Tunisia 76 42.25 36.92 2 18.79
Mauritius 77 42.24 10.99 11 27.96
Ecuador 78 41.7 8.5 22 64.56
Equatorial Guinea 79 41.3 -5.72 12 27.96
Ukraine 80 40.82 -3.7 5 36.44
Papua New Guinea 81 40.74 1.72 8 49.14
Cameroon 82 38.33 5.05 13 27.96
Bolivia 83 35.6 1.54 23 64.56
Luxembourg 84 35.49 0.28 13 55.42
Solomon Islands 85 34.98 -0.85 9 49.14
Uganda 86 34.61 7.15 14 27.96
Portugal 87 34.33 -65.67 14 55.42
Paraguay 88 33.11 5.87 24 64.56
Lebanon 89 32.96 -67.04 3 18.79
Honduras 90 32.16 -2.79 25 64.56
Nepal 91 32.15 9.37 3 41.26
Togo 92 31.95 21.3 15 27.96
Uruguay 93 31.61 24.8 26 64.56
Madagascar 94 31.3 6.43 16 27.96
Angola 95 31.05 1.87 17 27.96
Finland 96 30.78 -7.57 15 55.42
Sierra Leone 97 30.48 19.66 18 27.96
Ghana 98 30.36 8.78 19 27.96
Bangladesh 99 30.29 -16.12 4 41.26
Bhutan 100 30.06 13.37 5 41.26
Brunei Darussalam 101 29.91 6.53 10 49.14
Laos 102 29.49 9.45 11 49.14
Iran 103 28.68 -71.32 4 18.79
Argentina 104 28.06 8.76 27 64.56
Armenia 105 27.85 17.85 6 36.44
Philippines 106 26.64 11.58 12 49.14
Belgium 107 26.28 -10.91 16 55.42
Kyrgyzstan 108 26.06 7.39 7 36.44
Morocco 109 25.23 -74.77 5 18.79
Myanmar 110 24.95 6.58 13 49.14
Liberia 111 24.77 1.28 20 27.96
Nicaragua 112 24.72 7.78 28 64.56
Zambia 113 24.41 3.82 21 27.96
Azerbaijan 114 24.2 -7.01 8 36.44
Ireland 115 23.47 16.04 17 55.42
Sri Lanka 116 23.1 10.8 6 41.26
Brazil 117 22.34 1.07 29 64.56
Rwanda 118 22.19 6.74 22 27.96
Slovenia 119 21.99 0.08 19 80.01
Malaysia 120 20.63 9.06 14 49.14
Dem. Rep. Congo 121 20.56 -1.32 23 27.96
Tanzania 122 20.46 4.56 24 27.96
Kenya 123 20.1 12.19 25 27.96
Thailand 124 19.47 2.04 15 49.14
United Kingdom 125 19.19 6.63 18 55.42
Pakistan 126 19.0 -8.7 7 41.26
Guatemala 127 18.36 3.31 30 64.56
Guinea-Bissau 128 17.45 -5.95 26 27.96
Belize 129 16.8 -4.21 31 64.56
Denmark 130 15.9 -0.9 19 55.42
Timor-Leste 131 15.86 -2.4 16 49.14
Ethiopia 132 14.72 14.72 27 27.96
Burundi 133 14.36 -0.82 28 27.96
Indonesia 134 12.19 2.53 17 49.14
Cambodia 135 11.51 -5.35 18 49.14
São Tomé & Príncipe 136 11.16 -25.5 29 27.96
Kazakhstan 137 10.77 -9.86 9 36.44
Uzbekistan 138 10.28 -8.92 10 36.44
Guinea 139 9.66 0.15 30 27.96
Singapore 140 8.79 5.68 19 49.14
Viet Nam 141 7.57 0.51 20 49.14
Malawi 142 7.15 4.21 31 27.96
Tajikistan 143 5.16 5.16 11 36.44
Côte d'Ivoire 144 5.13 -5.6 32 27.96
Egypt 145 5.02 -1.78 6 18.79
Netherlands 146 2.77 2.77 20 55.42
Afghanistan 147 0.0 -1.43 8 41.26
Benin 147 0.0 0.0 33 27.96
Botswana 147 0.0 0.0 33 27.96
Chad 147 0.0 0.0 33 27.96
Gambia 147 0.0 0.0 33 27.96
Iraq 147 0.0 0.0 7 18.79
Israel 147 0.0 -100.0 7 18.79
Jordan 147 0.0 0.0 7 18.79
Lesotho 147 0.0 0.0 33 27.96
Mali 147 0.0 0.0 33 27.96
Namibia 147 0.0 0.0 33 27.96
Senegal 147 0.0 0.0 33 27.96
Sudan 147 0.0 0.0 7 18.79
Turkmenistan 147 0.0 0.0 12 36.44
Environmental Performance Index 2026EPI MeasurementCarbon flux from land use change